This study presents an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental European countries, using twelve dataset-based processes to model land degradation convergence and combination pathways in agricultural environments. The Land Multi-degradation Index (LMI) reveals that up to 27%, 35%, and 22% of continental agricultural and arable lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, respectively. Additionally, 10-11% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. The study identifies the most significant degradation processes, such as soil pollution via pesticides, soil nutrient imbalances, soil pollution via heavy metals, and aridity, which collectively affect over a quarter of European agriculture. The spatial patterns of these processes are explored, highlighting the complex interactions and dominant combinations of degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. The findings provide a solid scientific basis for policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and support critical European sustainable development goals, including the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the SDGs. The study also discusses the limitations and uncertainties in the modelling approach, emphasizing the need for further research and integrated assessments to address the complex challenges of land degradation.This study presents an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental European countries, using twelve dataset-based processes to model land degradation convergence and combination pathways in agricultural environments. The Land Multi-degradation Index (LMI) reveals that up to 27%, 35%, and 22% of continental agricultural and arable lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, respectively. Additionally, 10-11% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. The study identifies the most significant degradation processes, such as soil pollution via pesticides, soil nutrient imbalances, soil pollution via heavy metals, and aridity, which collectively affect over a quarter of European agriculture. The spatial patterns of these processes are explored, highlighting the complex interactions and dominant combinations of degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. The findings provide a solid scientific basis for policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and support critical European sustainable development goals, including the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the SDGs. The study also discusses the limitations and uncertainties in the modelling approach, emphasizing the need for further research and integrated assessments to address the complex challenges of land degradation.