A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch for high myopia therapy

A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch for high myopia therapy

26 February 2024 | Tianyan Zhong, Hangjin Yi, Jiacheng Gou, Jie Li, Miao Liu, Xing Gao, Sizhu Chen, Hongye Guan, Shan Liang, Qianxiong He, Rui Lin, Zhihe Long, Yue Wang, Chuang Shi, Yang Zhan, Yan Zhang, Lili Xing, Jie Zhong & Xinyu Xue
A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch is introduced for the treatment of high myopia. The patch integrates piezoelectric transducers, an electrochemical micro-actuator, a drug microneedle array, μ-LEDs, a flexible circuit, and biocompatible encapsulation. It is wirelessly powered and controlled by external ultrasound. The electrochemical micro-actuator shortens the eye's axial length by driving the posterior sclera inward, while the drug microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, and μ-LEDs induce collagen crosslinking to strengthen the sclera. In vivo experiments on rabbits show a reduction in axial length by ~1217 μm and an increase in scleral strength by 387%. The system operates effectively within the body without batteries, offering a promising approach for treating high myopia. High myopia affects about 20% of the global population, with progressive cases requiring treatment beyond traditional optical corrections. Current treatments like posterior scleral cross-linking and posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) have limitations, including difficulty in surgical access and lack of precise intraoperative measurement. The new patch addresses these challenges by combining the benefits of scleral cross-linking and PSR, providing a wireless, battery-free solution. It is compact, easy to implant, and uses a flexible micro-pump to adjust the eye's axial length and a drug delivery system for posterior scleral reinforcement. The patch is positioned on the sclera near the optic nerve, using piezoelectric transduction to convert external ultrasound into electrical energy. The micro-actuator creates gas bubbles, causing a membrane to expand and retract the sclera behind the macula, effectively shortening the axial length. The microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, while μ-LEDs induce scleral collagen cross-linking (SCXL), strengthening the sclera against high myopia-induced relaxation. In vivo rabbit experiments demonstrate the patch's clinical potential, with results showing significant scleral reinforcement. This technology offers both preventative and therapeutic benefits, particularly in managing progressive and pathological myopia by targeting axial elongation and sclera relaxation. It provides a proactive strategy to reduce the risk of severe ocular pathologies associated with high myopia. The patch can be used for scleral collagen cross-linking and then removed for patients with progressive high myopia without fundus lesions, enhancing the posterior sclera's strength and preventing further eye axis elongation and pathological changes. In cases of established pathological myopia, the patch remains in place post-treatment, offering long-term support to the posterior eye and acting as a form of posterior scleral reinforcement to halt further deterioration. The patch introduces an effective approach for treating and preventing high myopia, potentially diminishing the risk of severe ocular complications associated with axial elongation. The patch is wireless, powered by external ultrasound, and operates effectively withinA wireless battery-free eye modulation patch is introduced for the treatment of high myopia. The patch integrates piezoelectric transducers, an electrochemical micro-actuator, a drug microneedle array, μ-LEDs, a flexible circuit, and biocompatible encapsulation. It is wirelessly powered and controlled by external ultrasound. The electrochemical micro-actuator shortens the eye's axial length by driving the posterior sclera inward, while the drug microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, and μ-LEDs induce collagen crosslinking to strengthen the sclera. In vivo experiments on rabbits show a reduction in axial length by ~1217 μm and an increase in scleral strength by 387%. The system operates effectively within the body without batteries, offering a promising approach for treating high myopia. High myopia affects about 20% of the global population, with progressive cases requiring treatment beyond traditional optical corrections. Current treatments like posterior scleral cross-linking and posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) have limitations, including difficulty in surgical access and lack of precise intraoperative measurement. The new patch addresses these challenges by combining the benefits of scleral cross-linking and PSR, providing a wireless, battery-free solution. It is compact, easy to implant, and uses a flexible micro-pump to adjust the eye's axial length and a drug delivery system for posterior scleral reinforcement. The patch is positioned on the sclera near the optic nerve, using piezoelectric transduction to convert external ultrasound into electrical energy. The micro-actuator creates gas bubbles, causing a membrane to expand and retract the sclera behind the macula, effectively shortening the axial length. The microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, while μ-LEDs induce scleral collagen cross-linking (SCXL), strengthening the sclera against high myopia-induced relaxation. In vivo rabbit experiments demonstrate the patch's clinical potential, with results showing significant scleral reinforcement. This technology offers both preventative and therapeutic benefits, particularly in managing progressive and pathological myopia by targeting axial elongation and sclera relaxation. It provides a proactive strategy to reduce the risk of severe ocular pathologies associated with high myopia. The patch can be used for scleral collagen cross-linking and then removed for patients with progressive high myopia without fundus lesions, enhancing the posterior sclera's strength and preventing further eye axis elongation and pathological changes. In cases of established pathological myopia, the patch remains in place post-treatment, offering long-term support to the posterior eye and acting as a form of posterior scleral reinforcement to halt further deterioration. The patch introduces an effective approach for treating and preventing high myopia, potentially diminishing the risk of severe ocular complications associated with axial elongation. The patch is wireless, powered by external ultrasound, and operates effectively within
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