Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings

Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings

2005 | Andrea Alù, Nader Engheta
This paper discusses how plasmonic and metamaterial coatings can drastically reduce the scattering cross section of spherical and cylindrical objects, making them nearly "invisible" or "transparent" to an external observer. The key idea is that by carefully designing these lossless or low-loss coatings near their plasma resonance, the total scattering cross section can be significantly reduced, even for objects with sizes comparable to the wavelength of operation. This is achieved by manipulating the electromagnetic properties of the materials to cancel out the scattering contributions, particularly the dipolar term, which is dominant for small objects. The study shows that for a spherical scatterer, the scattering cross section can be reduced by choosing the cover material and its size such that the determinant in the scattering equations becomes zero, leading to the cancellation of the dominant scattering term. This approach is effective even for larger objects, where the quasi-static approximation no longer applies. The results demonstrate that by using materials with negative or low permittivity and/or permeability, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the scattering cross section, even for objects that are not electrically small. The paper also explores the application of these findings to cylindrical objects, showing that similar conditions can be applied to achieve transparency in the TE polarization case. Numerical results are presented, showing that the scattering cross section can be drastically reduced by using appropriate cover materials and sizes. The results indicate that the transparency effect is not dependent on resonant phenomena but rather on the overall cancellation of multipolar scattering fields. This makes the effect robust to material losses and imperfections, offering potential applications in low-observable targets, non-invasive probes, and densely-packed devices. The study also highlights the broader implications of this phenomenon, including its potential relevance to non-radiating sources in inverse scattering problems.This paper discusses how plasmonic and metamaterial coatings can drastically reduce the scattering cross section of spherical and cylindrical objects, making them nearly "invisible" or "transparent" to an external observer. The key idea is that by carefully designing these lossless or low-loss coatings near their plasma resonance, the total scattering cross section can be significantly reduced, even for objects with sizes comparable to the wavelength of operation. This is achieved by manipulating the electromagnetic properties of the materials to cancel out the scattering contributions, particularly the dipolar term, which is dominant for small objects. The study shows that for a spherical scatterer, the scattering cross section can be reduced by choosing the cover material and its size such that the determinant in the scattering equations becomes zero, leading to the cancellation of the dominant scattering term. This approach is effective even for larger objects, where the quasi-static approximation no longer applies. The results demonstrate that by using materials with negative or low permittivity and/or permeability, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the scattering cross section, even for objects that are not electrically small. The paper also explores the application of these findings to cylindrical objects, showing that similar conditions can be applied to achieve transparency in the TE polarization case. Numerical results are presented, showing that the scattering cross section can be drastically reduced by using appropriate cover materials and sizes. The results indicate that the transparency effect is not dependent on resonant phenomena but rather on the overall cancellation of multipolar scattering fields. This makes the effect robust to material losses and imperfections, offering potential applications in low-observable targets, non-invasive probes, and densely-packed devices. The study also highlights the broader implications of this phenomenon, including its potential relevance to non-radiating sources in inverse scattering problems.
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