This study investigates whether 2-year-olds can attribute false beliefs to others and use this information to anticipate their actions. Using an eye-tracking method, the researchers found that 25-month-old infants correctly anticipated an actor's actions based on the false belief that the actor held about the location of a hidden toy. This finding challenges the common belief that young children lack the ability to understand false beliefs. The study suggests that 2-year-olds can indeed attribute false beliefs and use this information to predict others' actions, indicating an early development of a "theory of mind mechanism." The results support the idea that children's difficulties with false belief tasks may stem from pragmatic rather than conceptual limitations.This study investigates whether 2-year-olds can attribute false beliefs to others and use this information to anticipate their actions. Using an eye-tracking method, the researchers found that 25-month-old infants correctly anticipated an actor's actions based on the false belief that the actor held about the location of a hidden toy. This finding challenges the common belief that young children lack the ability to understand false beliefs. The study suggests that 2-year-olds can indeed attribute false beliefs and use this information to predict others' actions, indicating an early development of a "theory of mind mechanism." The results support the idea that children's difficulties with false belief tasks may stem from pragmatic rather than conceptual limitations.