The article reviews the progress and challenges in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). It highlights the initial success of active amyloid-beta (Aβ) vaccination in mouse models, which led to human trials. However, these trials were halted due to safety concerns, including meningoencephalitis in some subjects. Despite this setback, rapid progress has been made in developing alternative, potentially safer active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches. These approaches are currently being tested in human trials for AD. The mechanisms underlying the effects of immunotherapeutics, such as antibody-induced phagocytosis, disruption of aggregates, neutralization of toxic proteins, and cell-mediated immune responses, are discussed. The article also addresses the limitations of preclinical models in predicting clinical efficacy and the need for further detailed investigation of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, it discusses the design of clinical trials and economic considerations in the development of immunotherapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.The article reviews the progress and challenges in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). It highlights the initial success of active amyloid-beta (Aβ) vaccination in mouse models, which led to human trials. However, these trials were halted due to safety concerns, including meningoencephalitis in some subjects. Despite this setback, rapid progress has been made in developing alternative, potentially safer active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches. These approaches are currently being tested in human trials for AD. The mechanisms underlying the effects of immunotherapeutics, such as antibody-induced phagocytosis, disruption of aggregates, neutralization of toxic proteins, and cell-mediated immune responses, are discussed. The article also addresses the limitations of preclinical models in predicting clinical efficacy and the need for further detailed investigation of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, it discusses the design of clinical trials and economic considerations in the development of immunotherapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.