This paper presents a new Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 104 developing countries, the first time multidimensional poverty is estimated using micro datasets for such a large number of countries, covering about 78% of the world's population. The MPI is based on the mathematical structure of one of the Alkire and Foster multidimensional poverty measures and includes ten indicators corresponding to the three dimensions of the Human Development Index: Education, Health, and Standard of Living. The MPI captures deprivations that affect people simultaneously and can be used to target the poorest, track the Millennium Development Goals, and design policies addressing interlocking deprivations. The paper outlines the methodology, components, main results, and robustness tests of the MPI. It also discusses the choice of dimensions, indicators, cutoffs, and weights, and presents data sources and results. The MPI is designed to reflect overlapping deprivations within households and to identify different types of poverty. It is compared with income poverty measures and MDG indicators, and its robustness is tested against changes in cutoffs and weights. The MPI is a useful tool for understanding multidimensional poverty and informing policy. The paper also highlights the importance of data availability and the need for further research on multidimensional poverty measurement.This paper presents a new Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 104 developing countries, the first time multidimensional poverty is estimated using micro datasets for such a large number of countries, covering about 78% of the world's population. The MPI is based on the mathematical structure of one of the Alkire and Foster multidimensional poverty measures and includes ten indicators corresponding to the three dimensions of the Human Development Index: Education, Health, and Standard of Living. The MPI captures deprivations that affect people simultaneously and can be used to target the poorest, track the Millennium Development Goals, and design policies addressing interlocking deprivations. The paper outlines the methodology, components, main results, and robustness tests of the MPI. It also discusses the choice of dimensions, indicators, cutoffs, and weights, and presents data sources and results. The MPI is designed to reflect overlapping deprivations within households and to identify different types of poverty. It is compared with income poverty measures and MDG indicators, and its robustness is tested against changes in cutoffs and weights. The MPI is a useful tool for understanding multidimensional poverty and informing policy. The paper also highlights the importance of data availability and the need for further research on multidimensional poverty measurement.