This paper introduces a new Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 104 developing countries, the first time such an index has been estimated using micro datasets from a large number of countries, covering about 78% of the world's population. The MPI, structured similarly to the Human Development Index (HDI), consists of ten indicators across three dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living. It captures multiple deprivations experienced simultaneously by individuals within a household. The paper outlines the methodology, including the selection of dimensions, indicators, weights, and cutoffs, and presents the main results, such as global poverty profiles, comparisons with income poverty, regional analysis, and decompositions by state and ethnic group. The MPI is designed to support policy analysis by identifying 'types' of poverty and tracking changes over time. Robustness tests are conducted to assess the index's sensitivity to changes in cutoffs and weights. The paper emphasizes the importance of addressing interconnected deprivations to accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).This paper introduces a new Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 104 developing countries, the first time such an index has been estimated using micro datasets from a large number of countries, covering about 78% of the world's population. The MPI, structured similarly to the Human Development Index (HDI), consists of ten indicators across three dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living. It captures multiple deprivations experienced simultaneously by individuals within a household. The paper outlines the methodology, including the selection of dimensions, indicators, weights, and cutoffs, and presents the main results, such as global poverty profiles, comparisons with income poverty, regional analysis, and decompositions by state and ethnic group. The MPI is designed to support policy analysis by identifying 'types' of poverty and tracking changes over time. Robustness tests are conducted to assess the index's sensitivity to changes in cutoffs and weights. The paper emphasizes the importance of addressing interconnected deprivations to accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).