The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is designed for mobile ad hoc networks, enabling dynamic, self-starting, multihop routing between mobile nodes. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, and efficient route determination for unicast destinations within the network. AODV ensures loop-free routing by using destination sequence numbers, which are updated and compared to ensure freshness and avoid loops. The protocol includes message types such as Route Request (RREQ), Route Reply (RREP), and Route Error (RERR), which are transmitted via UDP. AODV handles route discovery, maintenance, and error reporting, and supports unidirectional links and local repair mechanisms. The protocol also includes features for maintaining local connectivity and handling multicast operations. The document provides detailed specifications for message formats, operation, and various scenarios, including route generation, dissemination, and error handling.The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is designed for mobile ad hoc networks, enabling dynamic, self-starting, multihop routing between mobile nodes. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, and efficient route determination for unicast destinations within the network. AODV ensures loop-free routing by using destination sequence numbers, which are updated and compared to ensure freshness and avoid loops. The protocol includes message types such as Route Request (RREQ), Route Reply (RREP), and Route Error (RERR), which are transmitted via UDP. AODV handles route discovery, maintenance, and error reporting, and supports unidirectional links and local repair mechanisms. The protocol also includes features for maintaining local connectivity and handling multicast operations. The document provides detailed specifications for message formats, operation, and various scenarios, including route generation, dissemination, and error handling.