Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a diagnostic imaging technique used to examine the retina and cornea of the human eye. It employs confocal laser scanning microscopy to provide high-resolution images. SLO is useful for diagnosing conditions such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. It has been combined with adaptive optics (AO) to enhance image clarity. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) uses AO to correct optical aberrations, allowing for high-resolution imaging of retinal cells. SLO was developed to visualize the microscopic layers of the eye. Confocal methods enabled imaging of individual retinal layers. However, optical aberrations from the anterior eye limited resolution. AO was first applied to SLO in the 1980s, improving resolution. The use of MEMs mirrors made AOSLO more practical for clinical use. The procedure involves placing the subject in a mount, dilating the pupils, and using a laser to scan the retina. AOSLO corrects optical aberrations using a deformable mirror and wavefront sensor. This allows for high-resolution imaging of retinal structures, including cone cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. AOSLO has applications in studying cone packing density, retinal dystrophies, and tracking retinal damage. It provides better accuracy for eye tracking and can image blood flow in the eye. AOSLO compares favorably with other techniques like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), offering higher lateral resolution. AOSLO is an advantageous alternative to retinal dissection, allowing for real-time imaging of living subjects. It has potential for future clinical applications in tracking retinal changes and monitoring diseases. AOSLO has been used in studies of macaques and humans, showing promise in retinal imaging and disease detection.Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a diagnostic imaging technique used to examine the retina and cornea of the human eye. It employs confocal laser scanning microscopy to provide high-resolution images. SLO is useful for diagnosing conditions such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. It has been combined with adaptive optics (AO) to enhance image clarity. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) uses AO to correct optical aberrations, allowing for high-resolution imaging of retinal cells. SLO was developed to visualize the microscopic layers of the eye. Confocal methods enabled imaging of individual retinal layers. However, optical aberrations from the anterior eye limited resolution. AO was first applied to SLO in the 1980s, improving resolution. The use of MEMs mirrors made AOSLO more practical for clinical use. The procedure involves placing the subject in a mount, dilating the pupils, and using a laser to scan the retina. AOSLO corrects optical aberrations using a deformable mirror and wavefront sensor. This allows for high-resolution imaging of retinal structures, including cone cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. AOSLO has applications in studying cone packing density, retinal dystrophies, and tracking retinal damage. It provides better accuracy for eye tracking and can image blood flow in the eye. AOSLO compares favorably with other techniques like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), offering higher lateral resolution. AOSLO is an advantageous alternative to retinal dissection, allowing for real-time imaging of living subjects. It has potential for future clinical applications in tracking retinal changes and monitoring diseases. AOSLO has been used in studies of macaques and humans, showing promise in retinal imaging and disease detection.