This review article focuses on the design considerations of porous scaffolds for bone defect treatment, emphasizing the importance of porosity, pore size, permeability, and interfacial adhesion. It highlights how these parameters affect bone regeneration and osseointegration. The article discusses the physiological aspects of bone regeneration and the impact of scaffold design on various features, particularly those with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometries. TPMS structures are noted for their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which enhances cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The review also covers the advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as 3D printing, which have enabled the production of complex, patient-specific bone scaffolds with tailored architectural, mechanical, and mass transport properties. Key AM methods, including extrusion-based, inkjet, laser-based, and low-temperature printing techniques, are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. The article concludes by emphasizing the potential of AM in fabricating TPMS scaffolds for effective bone regeneration and osseointegration.This review article focuses on the design considerations of porous scaffolds for bone defect treatment, emphasizing the importance of porosity, pore size, permeability, and interfacial adhesion. It highlights how these parameters affect bone regeneration and osseointegration. The article discusses the physiological aspects of bone regeneration and the impact of scaffold design on various features, particularly those with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometries. TPMS structures are noted for their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which enhances cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The review also covers the advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as 3D printing, which have enabled the production of complex, patient-specific bone scaffolds with tailored architectural, mechanical, and mass transport properties. Key AM methods, including extrusion-based, inkjet, laser-based, and low-temperature printing techniques, are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. The article concludes by emphasizing the potential of AM in fabricating TPMS scaffolds for effective bone regeneration and osseointegration.