This review article, part of a thematic series on the Pathobiology of Obesity, focuses on the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. The authors highlight the abundance and accessibility of ASCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is a byproduct of liposuction procedures. They discuss the challenges and advancements in isolating and characterizing ASCs, emphasizing their multipotency and potential for differentiation into various cell lineages, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. The review also explores the therapeutic potential of ASCs in conditions such as cardiac disease, where they can be used for cellular cardioplasty. Despite the promising results, the authors caution that further research is needed to address safety concerns, optimize isolation methods, and develop large-scale manufacturing processes to ensure the safe and effective use of ASCs in clinical applications.This review article, part of a thematic series on the Pathobiology of Obesity, focuses on the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. The authors highlight the abundance and accessibility of ASCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is a byproduct of liposuction procedures. They discuss the challenges and advancements in isolating and characterizing ASCs, emphasizing their multipotency and potential for differentiation into various cell lineages, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. The review also explores the therapeutic potential of ASCs in conditions such as cardiac disease, where they can be used for cellular cardioplasty. Despite the promising results, the authors caution that further research is needed to address safety concerns, optimize isolation methods, and develop large-scale manufacturing processes to ensure the safe and effective use of ASCs in clinical applications.