This review is part of a thematic series on the pathobiology of obesity, including articles on adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine, energy metabolism in obesity, lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome, obesity and leptin resistance, and adiponectin as a cardiovascular protector. The article discusses adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are multipotent cells isolated from adipose tissue and have potential for regenerative medicine. ASCs can be harvested through liposuction, which is minimally invasive and provides a large quantity of cells. The review highlights the importance of ASCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, as they can differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. The article also discusses the challenges in stem cell research, including the need for standardized nomenclature, quality control, and safety testing. The review emphasizes the potential of ASCs in treating various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and their ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The article also discusses the role of ASCs in endothelial and smooth muscle differentiation, as well as their potential in other lineages such as osteoblasts and neurons. The review concludes with the challenges in the clinical application of ASCs, including the need for large-scale manufacturing, safety testing, and regulatory approval. The article highlights the importance of further research to fully understand the potential of ASCs in regenerative medicine.This review is part of a thematic series on the pathobiology of obesity, including articles on adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine, energy metabolism in obesity, lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome, obesity and leptin resistance, and adiponectin as a cardiovascular protector. The article discusses adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are multipotent cells isolated from adipose tissue and have potential for regenerative medicine. ASCs can be harvested through liposuction, which is minimally invasive and provides a large quantity of cells. The review highlights the importance of ASCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, as they can differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. The article also discusses the challenges in stem cell research, including the need for standardized nomenclature, quality control, and safety testing. The review emphasizes the potential of ASCs in treating various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and their ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The article also discusses the role of ASCs in endothelial and smooth muscle differentiation, as well as their potential in other lineages such as osteoblasts and neurons. The review concludes with the challenges in the clinical application of ASCs, including the need for large-scale manufacturing, safety testing, and regulatory approval. The article highlights the importance of further research to fully understand the potential of ASCs in regenerative medicine.