The article discusses the role of adipose tissue in energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue, including white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues, plays a crucial role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. WAT stores excess nutrients and supplies nutrients to other tissues, while BAT accumulates lipids for thermogenesis in cold conditions. Adipose tissue remodeling, which includes changes in adipocyte number and size, is closely associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. The remodeling process involves dynamic alterations in adipokine secretion, adipocyte death, local hypoxia, and fatty acid fluxes. Stromal vascular cells, including immune cells, are involved in adaptive processes such as adipocyte clearance, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis. Chronic overnutrition triggers inflammatory responses, leading to systemic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disorders like insulin resistance. The article also explores the functional complexity of adipose tissue, its role as an endocrine organ, and its thermal regulation. It highlights the importance of adipokines and lipokines in modulating energy homeostasis and the involvement of immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic complications. The article concludes by discussing the adaptive thermogenesis and the role of adipose tissue macrophages in tissue remodeling and thermogenic responses.The article discusses the role of adipose tissue in energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue, including white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues, plays a crucial role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. WAT stores excess nutrients and supplies nutrients to other tissues, while BAT accumulates lipids for thermogenesis in cold conditions. Adipose tissue remodeling, which includes changes in adipocyte number and size, is closely associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. The remodeling process involves dynamic alterations in adipokine secretion, adipocyte death, local hypoxia, and fatty acid fluxes. Stromal vascular cells, including immune cells, are involved in adaptive processes such as adipocyte clearance, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis. Chronic overnutrition triggers inflammatory responses, leading to systemic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disorders like insulin resistance. The article also explores the functional complexity of adipose tissue, its role as an endocrine organ, and its thermal regulation. It highlights the importance of adipokines and lipokines in modulating energy homeostasis and the involvement of immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic complications. The article concludes by discussing the adaptive thermogenesis and the role of adipose tissue macrophages in tissue remodeling and thermogenic responses.