Adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Traditionally viewed as a fat storage site, adipose tissue now is recognized as an active endocrine organ involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, producing hormones and cytokines such as adiponectin, leptin, and TNF-α. Excessive visceral obesity is closely linked to metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors. Adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Adipocytes and adipose tissue have physiological roles in energy storage, insulation, and hormone production. Adipose tissue dysfunction is linked to the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-diabetic adipocytokines, reduced adiponectin, and increased risk of metabolic disorders. Obesity leads to adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and altered adipokine secretion. Adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through mechanisms involving FFAs, TNF-α, and leptin. Adipose tissue dysfunction also plays a role in vascular diseases by promoting atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and increased vascular risk. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and increased physical activity are effective interventions for improving adipose tissue function. Statins and fibrates may have beneficial effects on adipose tissue function and metabolic disorders. The concept of adipose tissue dysfunction provides a framework for understanding the relationship between abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and vascular risk. Further research is needed to develop new therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and preventing vascular diseases.Adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Traditionally viewed as a fat storage site, adipose tissue now is recognized as an active endocrine organ involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, producing hormones and cytokines such as adiponectin, leptin, and TNF-α. Excessive visceral obesity is closely linked to metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors. Adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Adipocytes and adipose tissue have physiological roles in energy storage, insulation, and hormone production. Adipose tissue dysfunction is linked to the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-diabetic adipocytokines, reduced adiponectin, and increased risk of metabolic disorders. Obesity leads to adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and altered adipokine secretion. Adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through mechanisms involving FFAs, TNF-α, and leptin. Adipose tissue dysfunction also plays a role in vascular diseases by promoting atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and increased vascular risk. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and increased physical activity are effective interventions for improving adipose tissue function. Statins and fibrates may have beneficial effects on adipose tissue function and metabolic disorders. The concept of adipose tissue dysfunction provides a framework for understanding the relationship between abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and vascular risk. Further research is needed to develop new therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and preventing vascular diseases.