The article discusses the progress and mechanisms of adoptive immunotherapy for cancer, focusing on the use of adoptively transferred T cells to mediate tumor cell eradication. Key advancements include more precise targeting of tumor antigens and the successful use of gene engineering to re-target T cells before their transfer into patients. The authors highlight the importance of identifying specific T cell subsets that can effectively promote tumor eradication. They also explore the challenges and limitations of current therapies, such as the need for lymphodepletion and the development of immunosuppressive factors within tumors. The article emphasizes the role of T cells in recognizing and killing tumor cells, the impact of T cell differentiation on therapeutic efficacy, and the potential of gene-engineered T cells to target a broader range of tumor types. Finally, it outlines future directions, including the combination of ACT with other cancer therapies and the use of advanced sequencing techniques to identify patient-specific tumor antigens.The article discusses the progress and mechanisms of adoptive immunotherapy for cancer, focusing on the use of adoptively transferred T cells to mediate tumor cell eradication. Key advancements include more precise targeting of tumor antigens and the successful use of gene engineering to re-target T cells before their transfer into patients. The authors highlight the importance of identifying specific T cell subsets that can effectively promote tumor eradication. They also explore the challenges and limitations of current therapies, such as the need for lymphodepletion and the development of immunosuppressive factors within tumors. The article emphasizes the role of T cells in recognizing and killing tumor cells, the impact of T cell differentiation on therapeutic efficacy, and the potential of gene-engineered T cells to target a broader range of tumor types. Finally, it outlines future directions, including the combination of ACT with other cancer therapies and the use of advanced sequencing techniques to identify patient-specific tumor antigens.