This review discusses recent advancements and challenges in hydrogel engineering for regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are critical in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the native tissue environment, supporting cell growth, tissue integration, and reducing adverse reactions. However, achieving the optimal balance of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability remains a challenge for clinical success. The integration of cutting-edge technologies like 3D bioprinting and biofabrication has enabled the creation of complex tissue structures, while innovative materials and techniques aim to enhance tissue growth and functionality. The review highlights the potential of hydrogels in advancing regenerative medicine and the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to overcome challenges. Hydrogels are increasingly recognized in biomedical engineering for their similarity to the natural extracellular matrix. They are versatile, biocompatible, and can be tailored for specific biomedical applications. Researchers are modifying hydrogels by integrating various polymers such as PEG, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and alginate, as well as nanostructures like noble metal nanoparticles and silicon-phosphorus nanosheets, to enhance their mechanical strength and bioactive properties. Advances in creating multicomponent bioinks and complex polymer networks are crucial for developing hydrogels that can be precisely tailored for specific biomedical applications. Common hydrogel materials in regenerative medicine include PEG-based hydrogels, natural polymer-based hydrogels, GelMA and its derivatives, alginate-based hydrogels, and composite and functionalized hydrogels. These materials are valued for their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to support cell growth and tissue regeneration. Hybrid and synthetic-natural hydrogels combine the advantages of synthetic polymers like PEG with natural ones, such as collagen, to optimize both mechanical strength and biological properties for targeted tissue engineering. Trends in hydrogel research for regenerative medicine include the customization of hydrogels to modulate cellular behaviors and facilitate the regeneration of specific tissues. This is achieved by incorporating bioactive molecules such as bioligands, growth factors, and bioactive peptides, which trigger specific cellular responses. Advanced fabrication techniques, including 3D bioprinting, crosslinking, and other innovative approaches, enable the creation of hydrogel scaffolds with precise geometries and functionalities. Hybrid and composite hydrogels, which combine natural and synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, and various nanomaterials, are developed to achieve optimal mechanical, electrical, and biological properties. Advancements in hydrogel applications for tissue engineering include the development of hydrogels with specific properties for various tissue types, such as bone, cartilage, and neural tissues. Studies have shown the importance of hydrogel properties in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with examples including the use of four-arm PEG hydrogels for ovarian follicle growth, fibrin-agarose hydrogels for tissue engineering, and protease-responsive PEG hydrogels for epithThis review discusses recent advancements and challenges in hydrogel engineering for regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are critical in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the native tissue environment, supporting cell growth, tissue integration, and reducing adverse reactions. However, achieving the optimal balance of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability remains a challenge for clinical success. The integration of cutting-edge technologies like 3D bioprinting and biofabrication has enabled the creation of complex tissue structures, while innovative materials and techniques aim to enhance tissue growth and functionality. The review highlights the potential of hydrogels in advancing regenerative medicine and the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to overcome challenges. Hydrogels are increasingly recognized in biomedical engineering for their similarity to the natural extracellular matrix. They are versatile, biocompatible, and can be tailored for specific biomedical applications. Researchers are modifying hydrogels by integrating various polymers such as PEG, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and alginate, as well as nanostructures like noble metal nanoparticles and silicon-phosphorus nanosheets, to enhance their mechanical strength and bioactive properties. Advances in creating multicomponent bioinks and complex polymer networks are crucial for developing hydrogels that can be precisely tailored for specific biomedical applications. Common hydrogel materials in regenerative medicine include PEG-based hydrogels, natural polymer-based hydrogels, GelMA and its derivatives, alginate-based hydrogels, and composite and functionalized hydrogels. These materials are valued for their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to support cell growth and tissue regeneration. Hybrid and synthetic-natural hydrogels combine the advantages of synthetic polymers like PEG with natural ones, such as collagen, to optimize both mechanical strength and biological properties for targeted tissue engineering. Trends in hydrogel research for regenerative medicine include the customization of hydrogels to modulate cellular behaviors and facilitate the regeneration of specific tissues. This is achieved by incorporating bioactive molecules such as bioligands, growth factors, and bioactive peptides, which trigger specific cellular responses. Advanced fabrication techniques, including 3D bioprinting, crosslinking, and other innovative approaches, enable the creation of hydrogel scaffolds with precise geometries and functionalities. Hybrid and composite hydrogels, which combine natural and synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, and various nanomaterials, are developed to achieve optimal mechanical, electrical, and biological properties. Advancements in hydrogel applications for tissue engineering include the development of hydrogels with specific properties for various tissue types, such as bone, cartilage, and neural tissues. Studies have shown the importance of hydrogel properties in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with examples including the use of four-arm PEG hydrogels for ovarian follicle growth, fibrin-agarose hydrogels for tissue engineering, and protease-responsive PEG hydrogels for epith