The article reviews the advancements and prospects in perovskite solar cells, focusing on the transition from hybrid to all-inorganic materials. Hybrid perovskites, composed of metal and organic components, have emerged as promising materials for photovoltaic applications due to their unique optical, excitonic, and electrical properties. Key advancements include the development of efficient device architectures and preparation methods, leading to efficiencies exceeding 23% within a decade. However, stability issues remain a major barrier to large-scale production. To address these challenges, researchers have explored partially or fully inorganic perovskites, such as CsPbI3 (α-CsPbI3), which show promise in overcoming instability problems. Substitutions of lead with elements like Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Cu, or Ti are proposed to mitigate toxicity concerns while maintaining device efficiency. The article also discusses the structural and optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites, which offer enhanced stability and charge transport compared to 3D perovskites. Tandem (multi-junction) cells, which stack multiple subcells to achieve higher efficiency, have been reported to surpass 45% efficiency but face challenges in commercialization due to higher costs and complex manufacturing processes. In the section on fully inorganic perovskites, the focus is on CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) perovskites, which exhibit greater stability compared to hybrid perovskites. Strategies to stabilize the black phase (α-CsPbI3) through structural modifications, additives, and dopants are discussed. Additives like 4(1H-pyridethione (4-PT) and 1,2-dimethyl-3-acetyl-imidazolium iodide (DMAI) have been shown to improve stability and efficiency. The article also explores low-lead and lead-free alternatives, such as tin-based, germanium-based, and bismuth-based perovskites. These materials offer potential solutions to toxicity issues while maintaining or improving efficiency. Tin-based perovskites, for example, exhibit narrower band gaps and better light absorption, but suffer from oxidation problems. Germanium-based perovskites show promise in terms of thermal stability, while bismuth-based perovskites have similar ionic radii to lead, making them a viable substitute. Overall, the review highlights the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells, emphasizing the need for further research to address stability and commercialization challenges.The article reviews the advancements and prospects in perovskite solar cells, focusing on the transition from hybrid to all-inorganic materials. Hybrid perovskites, composed of metal and organic components, have emerged as promising materials for photovoltaic applications due to their unique optical, excitonic, and electrical properties. Key advancements include the development of efficient device architectures and preparation methods, leading to efficiencies exceeding 23% within a decade. However, stability issues remain a major barrier to large-scale production. To address these challenges, researchers have explored partially or fully inorganic perovskites, such as CsPbI3 (α-CsPbI3), which show promise in overcoming instability problems. Substitutions of lead with elements like Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Cu, or Ti are proposed to mitigate toxicity concerns while maintaining device efficiency. The article also discusses the structural and optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites, which offer enhanced stability and charge transport compared to 3D perovskites. Tandem (multi-junction) cells, which stack multiple subcells to achieve higher efficiency, have been reported to surpass 45% efficiency but face challenges in commercialization due to higher costs and complex manufacturing processes. In the section on fully inorganic perovskites, the focus is on CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) perovskites, which exhibit greater stability compared to hybrid perovskites. Strategies to stabilize the black phase (α-CsPbI3) through structural modifications, additives, and dopants are discussed. Additives like 4(1H-pyridethione (4-PT) and 1,2-dimethyl-3-acetyl-imidazolium iodide (DMAI) have been shown to improve stability and efficiency. The article also explores low-lead and lead-free alternatives, such as tin-based, germanium-based, and bismuth-based perovskites. These materials offer potential solutions to toxicity issues while maintaining or improving efficiency. Tin-based perovskites, for example, exhibit narrower band gaps and better light absorption, but suffer from oxidation problems. Germanium-based perovskites show promise in terms of thermal stability, while bismuth-based perovskites have similar ionic radii to lead, making them a viable substitute. Overall, the review highlights the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells, emphasizing the need for further research to address stability and commercialization challenges.