The article reviews advancements in biochar modification to enhance phosphorus (P) utilization in agriculture. Biochar, produced through the pyrolysis of organic materials, is gaining attention as an environmentally friendly approach to address soil P deficiency. Traditional P fertilizers are costly and detrimental to the environment due to P fixation and leaching. Modified biochar, with improved properties such as increased porosity, surface area, and cation exchange capacity, offers a promising alternative. The review explores how biochar properties can be optimized for effective P adsorption by adjusting pH levels and functional groups to align with phosphate's zero point of charge. Nanotechnology and advanced characterization techniques aid in understanding biochar's structural nuances and interactions with P, enhancing its ability to adsorb and retain P. This approach reduces the need for traditional fertilizers, minimizing environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions and P leaching. The review also identifies research gaps and future opportunities, emphasizing the significant potential of modified biochar in sustainable agriculture.The article reviews advancements in biochar modification to enhance phosphorus (P) utilization in agriculture. Biochar, produced through the pyrolysis of organic materials, is gaining attention as an environmentally friendly approach to address soil P deficiency. Traditional P fertilizers are costly and detrimental to the environment due to P fixation and leaching. Modified biochar, with improved properties such as increased porosity, surface area, and cation exchange capacity, offers a promising alternative. The review explores how biochar properties can be optimized for effective P adsorption by adjusting pH levels and functional groups to align with phosphate's zero point of charge. Nanotechnology and advanced characterization techniques aid in understanding biochar's structural nuances and interactions with P, enhancing its ability to adsorb and retain P. This approach reduces the need for traditional fertilizers, minimizing environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions and P leaching. The review also identifies research gaps and future opportunities, emphasizing the significant potential of modified biochar in sustainable agriculture.