Cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to traditional synthetic hydrogels due to their biodegradability, high water absorption capacity, and versatility. These materials are being developed for various applications, including agriculture, medicine, environmental pollution control, and construction. Innovations include biodegradable polymer hydrogels, natural cellulose-chitosan variants, and cassava starch-based alternatives. In agriculture, cellulose-based hydrogels enhance soil fertility and water retention. In medicine, they serve as hemostatic agents and drug delivery systems. In environmental management, they help in pollution control by removing oils and organic solvents. In construction, they provide eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Advanced characterization techniques aid in optimizing their properties, while the shift towards circular economy practices further highlights sustainability. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of these advancements, highlighting their diverse applications and environmental benefits. Cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels are also being explored for their potential in slow-release fertilizers, with research focusing on optimizing their performance in agriculture, medicine, and environmental applications. The development of these materials is driven by the need for sustainable, eco-friendly solutions that minimize environmental impact while maintaining functionality. The research covers various aspects, including the synthesis, characterization, and application of cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, emphasizing their potential in promoting sustainable development across multiple industries.Cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to traditional synthetic hydrogels due to their biodegradability, high water absorption capacity, and versatility. These materials are being developed for various applications, including agriculture, medicine, environmental pollution control, and construction. Innovations include biodegradable polymer hydrogels, natural cellulose-chitosan variants, and cassava starch-based alternatives. In agriculture, cellulose-based hydrogels enhance soil fertility and water retention. In medicine, they serve as hemostatic agents and drug delivery systems. In environmental management, they help in pollution control by removing oils and organic solvents. In construction, they provide eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Advanced characterization techniques aid in optimizing their properties, while the shift towards circular economy practices further highlights sustainability. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of these advancements, highlighting their diverse applications and environmental benefits. Cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels are also being explored for their potential in slow-release fertilizers, with research focusing on optimizing their performance in agriculture, medicine, and environmental applications. The development of these materials is driven by the need for sustainable, eco-friendly solutions that minimize environmental impact while maintaining functionality. The research covers various aspects, including the synthesis, characterization, and application of cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels, emphasizing their potential in promoting sustainable development across multiple industries.