Coccidiosis is a serious intestinal disease in poultry caused by Eimeria parasites, which are highly host-specific and pose a significant threat to the poultry industry. Current control methods include anticoccidial drugs and vaccines, but challenges such as drug resistance and vaccine efficacy are increasing due to the complex life cycle and diversity of Eimeria species. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding Eimeria biology, including parasite development, host interactions, and the role of the gut microbiota. It also discusses current control strategies, including anticoccidial drugs, their resistance mechanisms, and the use of diverse vaccines. The review highlights innovative strategies for coccidiosis control, emphasizing the integration of advanced biological insights with novel therapeutic approaches. The future of coccidiosis control lies in a multifaceted approach that combines these elements. The review also provides insights into the economic and welfare impacts of coccidiosis, highlighting its significance in poultry production. The review discusses the life cycle of Eimeria, including asexual and sexual reproduction, and the molecular mechanisms involved in parasite development and infection. It also explores the role of the gut microbiota in Eimeria infection and the immune responses of chickens, including innate and adaptive immunity. The review highlights the challenges of drug resistance and the need for new strategies, including the development of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines. It also discusses alternative control strategies, such as herbal remedies and gene-editing technologies, which offer promising solutions for managing coccidiosis in poultry. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating multi-omics approaches and gene-editing technologies to enhance our understanding of Eimeria biology and develop effective control strategies.Coccidiosis is a serious intestinal disease in poultry caused by Eimeria parasites, which are highly host-specific and pose a significant threat to the poultry industry. Current control methods include anticoccidial drugs and vaccines, but challenges such as drug resistance and vaccine efficacy are increasing due to the complex life cycle and diversity of Eimeria species. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding Eimeria biology, including parasite development, host interactions, and the role of the gut microbiota. It also discusses current control strategies, including anticoccidial drugs, their resistance mechanisms, and the use of diverse vaccines. The review highlights innovative strategies for coccidiosis control, emphasizing the integration of advanced biological insights with novel therapeutic approaches. The future of coccidiosis control lies in a multifaceted approach that combines these elements. The review also provides insights into the economic and welfare impacts of coccidiosis, highlighting its significance in poultry production. The review discusses the life cycle of Eimeria, including asexual and sexual reproduction, and the molecular mechanisms involved in parasite development and infection. It also explores the role of the gut microbiota in Eimeria infection and the immune responses of chickens, including innate and adaptive immunity. The review highlights the challenges of drug resistance and the need for new strategies, including the development of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines. It also discusses alternative control strategies, such as herbal remedies and gene-editing technologies, which offer promising solutions for managing coccidiosis in poultry. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating multi-omics approaches and gene-editing technologies to enhance our understanding of Eimeria biology and develop effective control strategies.