Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by *Eimeria* protozoan parasites, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. The primary control methods include anticoccidial drugs and vaccines, but emerging challenges such as drug resistance and vaccine efficacy issues are rooted in the complex life cycle and species diversification of *Eimeria*. This review consolidates recent breakthroughs in understanding *Eimeria* biology, focusing on parasite development and its interactions with the host, particularly with host immune cells and the gut microbiota. It provides an extensive summary of current control strategies, including an in-depth analysis of anticoccidial drugs, their mechanisms of resistance, and the increasing utilization of diverse anticoccidial vaccines. The review also highlights innovative strategies leading the way in coccidiosis control, such as multi-omics technologies and gene editing. Through an exploration of cutting-edge techniques, the review offers insights into future directions for effectively combating this disease. The future of coccidiosis control lies in a multifaceted approach, integrating advanced biological insights with innovative therapeutic strategies. This review enhances our understanding of *Eimeria* biology and provides valuable resources for researchers involved in developing and implementing strategies to manage and control coccidiosis, ensuring the health and productivity of poultry worldwide.Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by *Eimeria* protozoan parasites, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. The primary control methods include anticoccidial drugs and vaccines, but emerging challenges such as drug resistance and vaccine efficacy issues are rooted in the complex life cycle and species diversification of *Eimeria*. This review consolidates recent breakthroughs in understanding *Eimeria* biology, focusing on parasite development and its interactions with the host, particularly with host immune cells and the gut microbiota. It provides an extensive summary of current control strategies, including an in-depth analysis of anticoccidial drugs, their mechanisms of resistance, and the increasing utilization of diverse anticoccidial vaccines. The review also highlights innovative strategies leading the way in coccidiosis control, such as multi-omics technologies and gene editing. Through an exploration of cutting-edge techniques, the review offers insights into future directions for effectively combating this disease. The future of coccidiosis control lies in a multifaceted approach, integrating advanced biological insights with innovative therapeutic strategies. This review enhances our understanding of *Eimeria* biology and provides valuable resources for researchers involved in developing and implementing strategies to manage and control coccidiosis, ensuring the health and productivity of poultry worldwide.