This review explores recent advances in self-healing materials (SHMs), covering polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites. SHMs can autonomously repair damage without external intervention, enhancing durability and safety in various applications. The review discusses self-healing mechanisms, including microcapsules, vascular networks, and dynamic covalent chemistry, and highlights their use in aerospace, biomedical, and construction fields. SHMs are particularly effective in repairing cracks in concrete and ceramics, with examples such as self-healing polymers, ceramics, and composites. The review also addresses challenges in SHM development, including cost, scalability, and environmental impact. Experimental data on self-healing in polymers, composites, ceramics, and concrete are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of SHMs in restoring material integrity. The review emphasizes the importance of SHMs in improving the longevity and performance of materials in diverse applications.This review explores recent advances in self-healing materials (SHMs), covering polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites. SHMs can autonomously repair damage without external intervention, enhancing durability and safety in various applications. The review discusses self-healing mechanisms, including microcapsules, vascular networks, and dynamic covalent chemistry, and highlights their use in aerospace, biomedical, and construction fields. SHMs are particularly effective in repairing cracks in concrete and ceramics, with examples such as self-healing polymers, ceramics, and composites. The review also addresses challenges in SHM development, including cost, scalability, and environmental impact. Experimental data on self-healing in polymers, composites, ceramics, and concrete are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of SHMs in restoring material integrity. The review emphasizes the importance of SHMs in improving the longevity and performance of materials in diverse applications.