Cinnamaldehyde, a compound derived from *Cinnamomum cassia* and other species, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. This review aims to summarize the diverse therapeutic benefits of cinnamaldehyde, its molecular interactions, and potential in clinical settings. Cinnamaldehyde's efficacy is highlighted in treating inflammatory conditions, bacterial infections, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. It primarily operates by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, modulating pro-inflammatory mediators, disrupting bacterial cells, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, it enhances metabolic health by improving glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and offers cardiovascular protection through its anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. Preclinical and clinical research supports its therapeutic potential, emphasizing the need for further investigation into its mechanisms and safety to develop new drugs based on cinnamaldehyde. The review covers recent scientific studies and databases like Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, providing a comprehensive overview of cinnamaldehyde's pharmacological impacts and mechanisms of action.Cinnamaldehyde, a compound derived from *Cinnamomum cassia* and other species, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. This review aims to summarize the diverse therapeutic benefits of cinnamaldehyde, its molecular interactions, and potential in clinical settings. Cinnamaldehyde's efficacy is highlighted in treating inflammatory conditions, bacterial infections, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. It primarily operates by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, modulating pro-inflammatory mediators, disrupting bacterial cells, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, it enhances metabolic health by improving glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and offers cardiovascular protection through its anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. Preclinical and clinical research supports its therapeutic potential, emphasizing the need for further investigation into its mechanisms and safety to develop new drugs based on cinnamaldehyde. The review covers recent scientific studies and databases like Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, providing a comprehensive overview of cinnamaldehyde's pharmacological impacts and mechanisms of action.