The chapter discusses the advancements in biosorption technology for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents. Biosorption, a cost-effective method using non-living microbial biomass, has gained attention due to its efficiency and low operating costs. The process involves the sequestration of heavy metals by inactivated biomass, which can be prepared from algae, moss, fungi, or bacteria. Key aspects include the selection of suitable biomass, understanding the ion exchange mechanism, and optimizing the sorption/desorption cycles. The chapter highlights the importance of pH in metal binding, the role of carboxyl groups, and the development of models to predict and optimize column performance. It also addresses the challenges and potential risks associated with different wastewater compositions and the need for further research on anion biosorption. Overall, the advancements in biosorption technology have made it a promising alternative for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated effluents.The chapter discusses the advancements in biosorption technology for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents. Biosorption, a cost-effective method using non-living microbial biomass, has gained attention due to its efficiency and low operating costs. The process involves the sequestration of heavy metals by inactivated biomass, which can be prepared from algae, moss, fungi, or bacteria. Key aspects include the selection of suitable biomass, understanding the ion exchange mechanism, and optimizing the sorption/desorption cycles. The chapter highlights the importance of pH in metal binding, the role of carboxyl groups, and the development of models to predict and optimize column performance. It also addresses the challenges and potential risks associated with different wastewater compositions and the need for further research on anion biosorption. Overall, the advancements in biosorption technology have made it a promising alternative for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated effluents.