This review explores the advancements in dental implant surface technology, focusing on the role of nanoscale topographic modifications of titanium substrates to enhance osseointegration. The authors discuss the various techniques used to impart nanoscale topographic features to dental implants, including sol-gel techniques, chemical treatments, and physical methods. They highlight the advantages and disadvantages of nanoscale modification, emphasizing its potential to alter cellular and tissue responses, which may benefit osseointegration and dental implant therapy. The review also examines the biomimetic aspects of nanoscale modifications, such as the mimicry of natural cellular environments, and the impact of nanotopography on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, it discusses the relative value of nanoscale and micron-scale roughness in influencing the development of the implant-bone interface. Finally, the review provides examples of commercially available nanoscale-modified dental implants and their clinical performance, suggesting that these modifications can enhance bone bonding and improve implant success.This review explores the advancements in dental implant surface technology, focusing on the role of nanoscale topographic modifications of titanium substrates to enhance osseointegration. The authors discuss the various techniques used to impart nanoscale topographic features to dental implants, including sol-gel techniques, chemical treatments, and physical methods. They highlight the advantages and disadvantages of nanoscale modification, emphasizing its potential to alter cellular and tissue responses, which may benefit osseointegration and dental implant therapy. The review also examines the biomimetic aspects of nanoscale modifications, such as the mimicry of natural cellular environments, and the impact of nanotopography on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, it discusses the relative value of nanoscale and micron-scale roughness in influencing the development of the implant-bone interface. Finally, the review provides examples of commercially available nanoscale-modified dental implants and their clinical performance, suggesting that these modifications can enhance bone bonding and improve implant success.