The study by Evans et al. (1995) and Feighery et al. (1999) examines the influence of tobacco marketing and exposure on adolescent susceptibility to smoking, finding that tobacco marketing and exposure can significantly increase the risk of smoking among adolescents. Lewith (1984) and Reynolds et al. (1986) explore whether sports sponsorship acts as advertising to children, suggesting that it can lead to smoking among children. Charlton et al. (1997, 1996) investigate the impact of cigarette-brand-sponsored motor racing on boys' smoking habits and find a strong correlation. Gilpin et al. (1997, 1998) and Redmond (1999) further analyze the effects of tobacco industry promotion on adolescent smoking, highlighting the role of sales promotions. Aitken et al. (1999) discuss the long-term effects of cigarette advertising on children's intentions to smoke. The UK Parliament and the House of Commons Health Committee also provide insights into tobacco advertising and its health risks. The study by Vincent et al. (2001) focuses on adverse events in British hospitals, reviewing 1014 medical and nursing records from two acute hospitals in Greater London. The results show that 110 (10.8%) patients experienced adverse events, with an overall rate of 11.7% when multiple events are included. About half of these events were preventable, and a third led to moderate or greater disability or death. The study concludes that adverse events are a serious source of harm to patients and a significant drain on NHS resources, with both major and frequent minor events having substantial economic consequences. The study by Hanley et al. (2001) assesses consumer involvement in the design, conduct, and interpretation of randomized controlled trials in the UK. The findings indicate that consumer involvement is growing and is generally welcomed by researchers, improving the relevance and quality of trials.The study by Evans et al. (1995) and Feighery et al. (1999) examines the influence of tobacco marketing and exposure on adolescent susceptibility to smoking, finding that tobacco marketing and exposure can significantly increase the risk of smoking among adolescents. Lewith (1984) and Reynolds et al. (1986) explore whether sports sponsorship acts as advertising to children, suggesting that it can lead to smoking among children. Charlton et al. (1997, 1996) investigate the impact of cigarette-brand-sponsored motor racing on boys' smoking habits and find a strong correlation. Gilpin et al. (1997, 1998) and Redmond (1999) further analyze the effects of tobacco industry promotion on adolescent smoking, highlighting the role of sales promotions. Aitken et al. (1999) discuss the long-term effects of cigarette advertising on children's intentions to smoke. The UK Parliament and the House of Commons Health Committee also provide insights into tobacco advertising and its health risks. The study by Vincent et al. (2001) focuses on adverse events in British hospitals, reviewing 1014 medical and nursing records from two acute hospitals in Greater London. The results show that 110 (10.8%) patients experienced adverse events, with an overall rate of 11.7% when multiple events are included. About half of these events were preventable, and a third led to moderate or greater disability or death. The study concludes that adverse events are a serious source of harm to patients and a significant drain on NHS resources, with both major and frequent minor events having substantial economic consequences. The study by Hanley et al. (2001) assesses consumer involvement in the design, conduct, and interpretation of randomized controlled trials in the UK. The findings indicate that consumer involvement is growing and is generally welcomed by researchers, improving the relevance and quality of trials.