The cerebellum, a critical component of the central nervous system (CNS), plays a crucial role in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Diminished cerebellar function is observed in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as during normal aging. The cerebellum's impairment is primarily due to morphological changes over time, although it also serves a compensatory function in early stages of some disorders like AD. Biological aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, particularly those involved in motor control. Despite extensive research, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. This review highlights the molecular and cellular events disrupted in the cerebellum during aging and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing the need for deeper insights into these mechanisms to develop effective strategies for neuroprotection and the alleviation of neurodegenerative disorders.The cerebellum, a critical component of the central nervous system (CNS), plays a crucial role in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Diminished cerebellar function is observed in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as during normal aging. The cerebellum's impairment is primarily due to morphological changes over time, although it also serves a compensatory function in early stages of some disorders like AD. Biological aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, particularly those involved in motor control. Despite extensive research, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. This review highlights the molecular and cellular events disrupted in the cerebellum during aging and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing the need for deeper insights into these mechanisms to develop effective strategies for neuroprotection and the alleviation of neurodegenerative disorders.