The cerebellum, a critical part of the central nervous system, plays a vital role in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Its dysfunction is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as normal aging. While most neurodegenerative disorders involve morphological changes, the cerebellum may also serve a compensatory function in early stages of some diseases. Aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, particularly those involved in motor control. Despite extensive research, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebellar dysfunction during aging and neurodegenerative disorders remain poorly understood. This review highlights the molecular and cellular events in the cerebellum that are disrupted during aging and neurodegenerative disorders. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop new strategies for neuroprotection and the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The cerebellum's role in aging and neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in detail, including its involvement in motor coordination, cognitive function, and the impact of aging on cerebellar structure and function. The review also explores the effects of neurodegenerative disorders on the cerebellum, such as the loss of Purkinje cells, granule cells, and changes in synaptic function. The study highlights the importance of understanding the cerebellum's role in aging and neurodegenerative disorders to develop effective therapeutic approaches.The cerebellum, a critical part of the central nervous system, plays a vital role in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Its dysfunction is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as normal aging. While most neurodegenerative disorders involve morphological changes, the cerebellum may also serve a compensatory function in early stages of some diseases. Aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, particularly those involved in motor control. Despite extensive research, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebellar dysfunction during aging and neurodegenerative disorders remain poorly understood. This review highlights the molecular and cellular events in the cerebellum that are disrupted during aging and neurodegenerative disorders. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop new strategies for neuroprotection and the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The cerebellum's role in aging and neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in detail, including its involvement in motor coordination, cognitive function, and the impact of aging on cerebellar structure and function. The review also explores the effects of neurodegenerative disorders on the cerebellum, such as the loss of Purkinje cells, granule cells, and changes in synaptic function. The study highlights the importance of understanding the cerebellum's role in aging and neurodegenerative disorders to develop effective therapeutic approaches.