Agriculture development and pesticide application have significantly impacted the environment. Pesticides are essential in agriculture for controlling pests and weeds, but their use leads to environmental pollution and health risks. The review discusses the history of pesticide use, their types, and their effects on the environment. Pesticides are classified into various categories, including fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, and rodenticides. They are used to control pests and weeds but can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, and beneficial insects. Pesticide contamination moves away from target plants, leading to environmental pollution. Climate change influences pesticide application and increases pollution. Pesticides can degrade through microbial, chemical, and photo-degradation processes, affecting their persistence in the environment. Pesticide migration occurs through sorption, leaching, spray drift, volatilization, and surface runoff, leading to water and soil pollution. Climate change affects soil conditions, crop growth, and the distribution of pests, weeds, and diseases, influencing pesticide use. Pesticide contamination in water and soil poses risks to human health and the environment. The review highlights the need for sustainable pesticide management to mitigate environmental and health impacts.Agriculture development and pesticide application have significantly impacted the environment. Pesticides are essential in agriculture for controlling pests and weeds, but their use leads to environmental pollution and health risks. The review discusses the history of pesticide use, their types, and their effects on the environment. Pesticides are classified into various categories, including fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, and rodenticides. They are used to control pests and weeds but can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, and beneficial insects. Pesticide contamination moves away from target plants, leading to environmental pollution. Climate change influences pesticide application and increases pollution. Pesticides can degrade through microbial, chemical, and photo-degradation processes, affecting their persistence in the environment. Pesticide migration occurs through sorption, leaching, spray drift, volatilization, and surface runoff, leading to water and soil pollution. Climate change affects soil conditions, crop growth, and the distribution of pests, weeds, and diseases, influencing pesticide use. Pesticide contamination in water and soil poses risks to human health and the environment. The review highlights the need for sustainable pesticide management to mitigate environmental and health impacts.