Agriculture development, pesticide application, and their impact on the environment are central topics in modern environmental science. Pesticides, essential in agricultural production, are used to control weeds and insects, significantly increasing crop yields. However, their widespread use has led to environmental contamination, affecting air, water, soil, and crops. The review highlights the historical use of pesticides, their classification, and their adverse effects on the environment. Pesticides are categorized into various types, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, and their application has evolved over time, from natural compounds to synthetic chemicals. Despite their benefits in increasing food production, pesticides pose significant risks to the environment and human health. Pesticide residues can contaminate water, soil, and air, leading to pollution and health issues. Climate change further exacerbates these problems by influencing pesticide application and increasing pollution. The review also discusses the behavior of pesticides in the environment, including their degradation, migration, and volatilization, which contribute to environmental pollution. The impact of climate change on pesticide use is significant, affecting soil conditions, crop growth, and the distribution of pests, weeds, and diseases. Pesticide contamination in water, soil, and air poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health. The review emphasizes the need for sustainable pesticide management to mitigate environmental and health risks. Overall, the balance between agricultural productivity and environmental protection remains a critical challenge in modern agriculture.Agriculture development, pesticide application, and their impact on the environment are central topics in modern environmental science. Pesticides, essential in agricultural production, are used to control weeds and insects, significantly increasing crop yields. However, their widespread use has led to environmental contamination, affecting air, water, soil, and crops. The review highlights the historical use of pesticides, their classification, and their adverse effects on the environment. Pesticides are categorized into various types, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, and their application has evolved over time, from natural compounds to synthetic chemicals. Despite their benefits in increasing food production, pesticides pose significant risks to the environment and human health. Pesticide residues can contaminate water, soil, and air, leading to pollution and health issues. Climate change further exacerbates these problems by influencing pesticide application and increasing pollution. The review also discusses the behavior of pesticides in the environment, including their degradation, migration, and volatilization, which contribute to environmental pollution. The impact of climate change on pesticide use is significant, affecting soil conditions, crop growth, and the distribution of pests, weeds, and diseases. Pesticide contamination in water, soil, and air poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health. The review emphasizes the need for sustainable pesticide management to mitigate environmental and health risks. Overall, the balance between agricultural productivity and environmental protection remains a critical challenge in modern agriculture.