This review article discusses the evolution of agriculture, sustainability, and trends, focusing on Brazilian agribusiness. The global population is expected to grow by 30%–35% over the next 60 years, increasing the demand for food production, particularly protein and dairy products, by 50%–75%. To meet this demand, agriculture must increase food production while minimizing environmental impact. Climate change, reduction of arable land, geopolitical conflicts, and the need for new technologies are major challenges. However, technological advances in agriculture, including biotechnology, molecular sciences, and sustainable practices, have significantly contributed to increased food production. The article highlights the major technological advances in agriculture, including the development of genetically modified crops, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and the application of RNAi technology. These technologies have enabled the production of crops with improved resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. Additionally, the use of molecular sciences has led to the development of cultivars better adapted to local climatic conditions, improved resistance to pathogens and insect pests, and higher productivity. The article also discusses the impact of climate change on Brazilian agriculture, including the effects of El Niño and La Niña phenomena on rainfall patterns and crop yields. The use of technologies such as crop management, agrometeorological monitoring, and genomic selection can help mitigate the effects of climate change on agricultural production. The review emphasizes the importance of scientific research and the development of disruptive technologies to achieve sustainable food production. It also highlights the role of Brazilian agribusiness in the global economy, including its contribution to the country's GDP and its role in international trade. The article concludes with a call for continued investment in sustainable agricultural practices and technologies to meet the growing demand for food while minimizing environmental impact.This review article discusses the evolution of agriculture, sustainability, and trends, focusing on Brazilian agribusiness. The global population is expected to grow by 30%–35% over the next 60 years, increasing the demand for food production, particularly protein and dairy products, by 50%–75%. To meet this demand, agriculture must increase food production while minimizing environmental impact. Climate change, reduction of arable land, geopolitical conflicts, and the need for new technologies are major challenges. However, technological advances in agriculture, including biotechnology, molecular sciences, and sustainable practices, have significantly contributed to increased food production. The article highlights the major technological advances in agriculture, including the development of genetically modified crops, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and the application of RNAi technology. These technologies have enabled the production of crops with improved resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. Additionally, the use of molecular sciences has led to the development of cultivars better adapted to local climatic conditions, improved resistance to pathogens and insect pests, and higher productivity. The article also discusses the impact of climate change on Brazilian agriculture, including the effects of El Niño and La Niña phenomena on rainfall patterns and crop yields. The use of technologies such as crop management, agrometeorological monitoring, and genomic selection can help mitigate the effects of climate change on agricultural production. The review emphasizes the importance of scientific research and the development of disruptive technologies to achieve sustainable food production. It also highlights the role of Brazilian agribusiness in the global economy, including its contribution to the country's GDP and its role in international trade. The article concludes with a call for continued investment in sustainable agricultural practices and technologies to meet the growing demand for food while minimizing environmental impact.