This review article, authored by Marcos Fernando Basso, Marcos Fava Neves, and Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa, focuses on the evolution, sustainability, and trends in Brazilian agribusiness. The authors highlight the significant growth in global population, which is expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, and the corresponding increase in demand for food, particularly protein and dairy products. They emphasize the need to increase food production while minimizing environmental impact, addressing challenges such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and pandemics. The article reviews major technological advances in agriculture, including the development of high-performance crops through genetic engineering, molecular sciences, and precision agriculture. It discusses the impact of climate change on agriculture, noting the importance of adapting to changing climatic conditions and using eco-friendly technologies. The authors also explore the contributions of molecular sciences to Brazilian agriculture, particularly in developing resilient and high-yielding crop varieties. The review further examines the current status of Brazilian agribusiness, its market share, and its contribution to the national GDP. It highlights the importance of scientific research, development, and innovation in achieving sustainable food production. The article concludes with a discussion on the potential decision-making strategies that could positively impact the Brazilian agribusiness sector, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices to ensure healthy food production with reduced environmental impact.This review article, authored by Marcos Fernando Basso, Marcos Fava Neves, and Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa, focuses on the evolution, sustainability, and trends in Brazilian agribusiness. The authors highlight the significant growth in global population, which is expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, and the corresponding increase in demand for food, particularly protein and dairy products. They emphasize the need to increase food production while minimizing environmental impact, addressing challenges such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and pandemics. The article reviews major technological advances in agriculture, including the development of high-performance crops through genetic engineering, molecular sciences, and precision agriculture. It discusses the impact of climate change on agriculture, noting the importance of adapting to changing climatic conditions and using eco-friendly technologies. The authors also explore the contributions of molecular sciences to Brazilian agriculture, particularly in developing resilient and high-yielding crop varieties. The review further examines the current status of Brazilian agribusiness, its market share, and its contribution to the national GDP. It highlights the importance of scientific research, development, and innovation in achieving sustainable food production. The article concludes with a discussion on the potential decision-making strategies that could positively impact the Brazilian agribusiness sector, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices to ensure healthy food production with reduced environmental impact.