This review explores the relationship between air pollution and neurological diseases, highlighting the growing concern over the impact of pollutants on brain health. Air pollution, composed of various gases, chemicals, and particulate matter, has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxic effects, which contribute to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism spectrum disorder. The review discusses the mechanisms by which pollutants like particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) damage the nervous system, leading to cognitive decline, anxiety, depression, and neuroinflammation. It also examines the role of the blood-brain barrier and the impact of air pollution on neurotransmitter systems, brain structure, and neurogenesis. The review emphasizes the need for policy interventions to reduce air pollution and protect neurological health. Additionally, it explores potential interventions such as curcumin, resveratrol, and omega-3 fatty acids that may help mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution on the nervous system. The study underscores the importance of addressing air pollution as a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of neurological diseases.This review explores the relationship between air pollution and neurological diseases, highlighting the growing concern over the impact of pollutants on brain health. Air pollution, composed of various gases, chemicals, and particulate matter, has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxic effects, which contribute to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism spectrum disorder. The review discusses the mechanisms by which pollutants like particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) damage the nervous system, leading to cognitive decline, anxiety, depression, and neuroinflammation. It also examines the role of the blood-brain barrier and the impact of air pollution on neurotransmitter systems, brain structure, and neurogenesis. The review emphasizes the need for policy interventions to reduce air pollution and protect neurological health. Additionally, it explores potential interventions such as curcumin, resveratrol, and omega-3 fatty acids that may help mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution on the nervous system. The study underscores the importance of addressing air pollution as a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of neurological diseases.