This paper explores the complex relationship between air pollution and neurological diseases, focusing on the emerging concerns about the impact of air pollutants on cognitive and neurological health. The authors highlight the detrimental effects of various air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, on the nervous system. They emphasize the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in exacerbating conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The paper also discusses the broader implications of environmental factors on neurological health and underscores the urgent need for policy interventions to mitigate the impact of air pollution on the nervous system. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species, immune response activation, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The review further examines the links between air pollution and specific neurological disorders, including cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder. The authors conclude by suggesting potential strategies, such as reducing exposure to pollutants and adopting healthy lifestyles, to mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution on the nervous system.This paper explores the complex relationship between air pollution and neurological diseases, focusing on the emerging concerns about the impact of air pollutants on cognitive and neurological health. The authors highlight the detrimental effects of various air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, on the nervous system. They emphasize the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in exacerbating conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The paper also discusses the broader implications of environmental factors on neurological health and underscores the urgent need for policy interventions to mitigate the impact of air pollution on the nervous system. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species, immune response activation, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The review further examines the links between air pollution and specific neurological disorders, including cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder. The authors conclude by suggesting potential strategies, such as reducing exposure to pollutants and adopting healthy lifestyles, to mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution on the nervous system.