Green leafy volatiles (GLV), which are six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, are emitted by plants in response to mechanical damage or herbivory. These compounds can prime neighboring plants to respond more strongly to subsequent herbivore attacks by enhancing inducible chemical defense responses. GLV, such as (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, have similar priming activity. Caterpillar-induced nocturnal volatiles, which are enriched in GLV, also exhibit a strong priming effect, inducing higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) after caterpillar regurgitant application. However, GLV priming does not affect JA production induced by mechanical wounding alone. Plant defenses against herbivorous insects include chemical and physical mechanisms that directly affect the performance of the herbivores. Additionally, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) can serve as a defense mechanism by attracting parasitoids and predators. Herbivore-induced VOC have been shown to decrease oviposition rates and increase egg predation on the emitting plant. Neighboring plants may also perceive and respond to these signals, such as methyl salicylate released by pathogen infection, which can induce defense-related genes in neighboring plants. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is also released after wounding and herbivore damage, which can effectively turn on defense genes. However, not all plants release MeJA, raising questions about its role as a general volatile defense signal. GLV are primarily derived from 18-carbon fatty acids, which are converted into 12- and 6-carbon components through enzymatic processes. These components include (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. GLV are typically released locally by plants immediately after wounding or herbivore damage but can also be induced and released systemically. Previous studies indicate that GLV can induce certain defense-related genes. However, plants treated with (E)-2-hexenal released less VOC than those treated with MeJA or damaged by insect herbivores. The study found that GLV stimulate transient JA biosynthesis and VOC release in corn, and exposure to GLV primed corn plant defenses to respond more strongly against subsequent attack by herbivorous insects by increasing JA biosynthesis and VOC release. The results demonstrate that GLV play a key role in plant-plant signaling and plant-insect interactions.Green leafy volatiles (GLV), which are six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, are emitted by plants in response to mechanical damage or herbivory. These compounds can prime neighboring plants to respond more strongly to subsequent herbivore attacks by enhancing inducible chemical defense responses. GLV, such as (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, have similar priming activity. Caterpillar-induced nocturnal volatiles, which are enriched in GLV, also exhibit a strong priming effect, inducing higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) after caterpillar regurgitant application. However, GLV priming does not affect JA production induced by mechanical wounding alone. Plant defenses against herbivorous insects include chemical and physical mechanisms that directly affect the performance of the herbivores. Additionally, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) can serve as a defense mechanism by attracting parasitoids and predators. Herbivore-induced VOC have been shown to decrease oviposition rates and increase egg predation on the emitting plant. Neighboring plants may also perceive and respond to these signals, such as methyl salicylate released by pathogen infection, which can induce defense-related genes in neighboring plants. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is also released after wounding and herbivore damage, which can effectively turn on defense genes. However, not all plants release MeJA, raising questions about its role as a general volatile defense signal. GLV are primarily derived from 18-carbon fatty acids, which are converted into 12- and 6-carbon components through enzymatic processes. These components include (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. GLV are typically released locally by plants immediately after wounding or herbivore damage but can also be induced and released systemically. Previous studies indicate that GLV can induce certain defense-related genes. However, plants treated with (E)-2-hexenal released less VOC than those treated with MeJA or damaged by insect herbivores. The study found that GLV stimulate transient JA biosynthesis and VOC release in corn, and exposure to GLV primed corn plant defenses to respond more strongly against subsequent attack by herbivorous insects by increasing JA biosynthesis and VOC release. The results demonstrate that GLV play a key role in plant-plant signaling and plant-insect interactions.