The article by Defeng Wu and Arthur I. Cederbaum discusses the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alcohol-induced oxidative stress and cell injury, particularly in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ROS are small, highly reactive molecules that can damage cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Alcohol promotes ROS production through various mechanisms, including the breakdown of alcohol in the liver, stimulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, and interference with antioxidant systems. The resulting oxidative stress can lead to cell injury and the development of ALD. The article reviews the biochemical pathways involved in ROS production, the protective mechanisms against ROS toxicity, and the impact of alcohol on these systems. It also highlights the importance of antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E in mitigating the toxic effects of ROS. The authors emphasize the need for further research to understand the complex interactions between alcohol, ROS, and disease development, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies based on these findings.The article by Defeng Wu and Arthur I. Cederbaum discusses the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alcohol-induced oxidative stress and cell injury, particularly in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ROS are small, highly reactive molecules that can damage cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Alcohol promotes ROS production through various mechanisms, including the breakdown of alcohol in the liver, stimulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, and interference with antioxidant systems. The resulting oxidative stress can lead to cell injury and the development of ALD. The article reviews the biochemical pathways involved in ROS production, the protective mechanisms against ROS toxicity, and the impact of alcohol on these systems. It also highlights the importance of antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E in mitigating the toxic effects of ROS. The authors emphasize the need for further research to understand the complex interactions between alcohol, ROS, and disease development, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies based on these findings.