Alginate-based electrospun nanofibers and their enabled drug release profiles: a review. Zhiyuan Zhang, Hui Liu, Deng-Guang Yu, and Sim-Wan Annie Bligh. Abstract: Alginate, a natural polymer with good biocompatibility, is a potential polymeric material for sustainable development and replacement of petroleum derivatives. However, pure alginate solutions are not spinable, limiting their applications. With the development of electrospinning technology, synthetic polymers like PEO and PVA are used as co-spinning agents to improve alginate spinnability. Multi-fluid electrospinning has enabled new fiber structures, such as coaxial, Janus, and tertiary, which enhance drug release modes. Alginate-based electrospun nanofibers are widely used in biomedical fields like tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. This review discusses the development of alginate and electrospinning technologies, the preparation of different fiber structures, and the application of electrospun alginate drug delivery systems (EADDS) for various controlled release modes, including pulsatile, sustained, biphasic, responsive, and targeted release. Keywords: alginate; electrospinning; biomedical; nanostructure; drug delivery; controlled release. Alginate is a naturally occurring linear anionic polysaccharide found in brown algae and some bacterial mucilage. It has a gel-like structure with ions that help maintain ion exchange between algae and seawater. SA is synthesized through biosynthesis and artificial extraction, with its structure determined by the combination of two monomer blocks, M and G. SA has various fragments, with a high G-block content, making it advantageous for biomedical applications. SA is low-cost, non-toxic, and highly biocompatible, with potential in regenerative engineering and drug delivery. SA derivatives have improved properties and broader applications. SA can be modified to enhance solubility and reactivity, allowing for better drug release control. Electrospinning is a bottom-up nanomaterial preparation technique that can produce continuous nanofibers as fine as 2 nm. It involves a high-voltage electric field that deforms the polymer solution into a Taylor cone, leading to fiber formation. Electrospinning has been widely studied due to its simple device, low cost, and controllable process. It can produce fibers with various structures, including single-fluid, two-fluid, and multi-fluid electrospinning. Single-fluid electrospinning is the most widely studied, producing uniform fibers with controlled drug release. Two-fluid electrospinning includes core-shell and Janus structures, which can improve spinnability and drug release. Multi-fluid electrospinning enables more complex structures, such as tertiary coaxial and pig-nose structures, which can enhance drug release strategies. Electrospun nanofibers are popular in drug delivery due to their diverse materials, structures, and high porosity. They can be categorized into differentAlginate-based electrospun nanofibers and their enabled drug release profiles: a review. Zhiyuan Zhang, Hui Liu, Deng-Guang Yu, and Sim-Wan Annie Bligh. Abstract: Alginate, a natural polymer with good biocompatibility, is a potential polymeric material for sustainable development and replacement of petroleum derivatives. However, pure alginate solutions are not spinable, limiting their applications. With the development of electrospinning technology, synthetic polymers like PEO and PVA are used as co-spinning agents to improve alginate spinnability. Multi-fluid electrospinning has enabled new fiber structures, such as coaxial, Janus, and tertiary, which enhance drug release modes. Alginate-based electrospun nanofibers are widely used in biomedical fields like tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. This review discusses the development of alginate and electrospinning technologies, the preparation of different fiber structures, and the application of electrospun alginate drug delivery systems (EADDS) for various controlled release modes, including pulsatile, sustained, biphasic, responsive, and targeted release. Keywords: alginate; electrospinning; biomedical; nanostructure; drug delivery; controlled release. Alginate is a naturally occurring linear anionic polysaccharide found in brown algae and some bacterial mucilage. It has a gel-like structure with ions that help maintain ion exchange between algae and seawater. SA is synthesized through biosynthesis and artificial extraction, with its structure determined by the combination of two monomer blocks, M and G. SA has various fragments, with a high G-block content, making it advantageous for biomedical applications. SA is low-cost, non-toxic, and highly biocompatible, with potential in regenerative engineering and drug delivery. SA derivatives have improved properties and broader applications. SA can be modified to enhance solubility and reactivity, allowing for better drug release control. Electrospinning is a bottom-up nanomaterial preparation technique that can produce continuous nanofibers as fine as 2 nm. It involves a high-voltage electric field that deforms the polymer solution into a Taylor cone, leading to fiber formation. Electrospinning has been widely studied due to its simple device, low cost, and controllable process. It can produce fibers with various structures, including single-fluid, two-fluid, and multi-fluid electrospinning. Single-fluid electrospinning is the most widely studied, producing uniform fibers with controlled drug release. Two-fluid electrospinning includes core-shell and Janus structures, which can improve spinnability and drug release. Multi-fluid electrospinning enables more complex structures, such as tertiary coaxial and pig-nose structures, which can enhance drug release strategies. Electrospun nanofibers are popular in drug delivery due to their diverse materials, structures, and high porosity. They can be categorized into different