Allogeneic CAR-T Therapy Technologies: Has the Promise Been Met?

Allogeneic CAR-T Therapy Technologies: Has the Promise Been Met?

12 January 2024 | Caroline Lonez and Eytan Breman
This article reviews the development and clinical evaluation of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, which aim to overcome the limitations of autologous CAR-T therapies, such as the time-consuming and personalized manufacturing process. The authors discuss the challenges and advancements in creating "off-the-shelf" allogeneic CAR-Ts with low alloreactivity, focusing on gene-editing technologies and non-gene-editing approaches. Gene-editing technologies, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9, are highlighted for their potential to reduce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and host-versus-graft (HvG) reactions. However, these technologies also pose safety risks, such as double-strand DNA breaks and off-target effects. Non-gene-editing approaches, such as using T-cell receptor (TCR) inhibitory molecules and miRNA scaffolds, are also discussed as alternatives. The article provides an overview of clinical trials evaluating allogeneic CAR-T products, including those using TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, and non-gene-editing technologies, and discusses the successes and challenges observed in these studies. Overall, while allogeneic CAR-T therapies show promise, further research is needed to address the complexities and safety concerns associated with these treatments.This article reviews the development and clinical evaluation of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, which aim to overcome the limitations of autologous CAR-T therapies, such as the time-consuming and personalized manufacturing process. The authors discuss the challenges and advancements in creating "off-the-shelf" allogeneic CAR-Ts with low alloreactivity, focusing on gene-editing technologies and non-gene-editing approaches. Gene-editing technologies, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9, are highlighted for their potential to reduce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and host-versus-graft (HvG) reactions. However, these technologies also pose safety risks, such as double-strand DNA breaks and off-target effects. Non-gene-editing approaches, such as using T-cell receptor (TCR) inhibitory molecules and miRNA scaffolds, are also discussed as alternatives. The article provides an overview of clinical trials evaluating allogeneic CAR-T products, including those using TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, and non-gene-editing technologies, and discusses the successes and challenges observed in these studies. Overall, while allogeneic CAR-T therapies show promise, further research is needed to address the complexities and safety concerns associated with these treatments.
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