Alternative splicing as a regulator of development and tissue identity

Alternative splicing as a regulator of development and tissue identity

2017 July ; 18(7): 437–451 | Francisco E Baralle, Jimena Giudice
Alternative splicing is a critical mechanism that generates multiple transcript and protein isoforms from a single gene, contributing to the complexity of the proteome. This process is regulated by various factors, including splice site strength, cis-regulatory sequences, and trans-acting factors. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of coordinated splicing networks in tissue and organ development, as well as in maintaining tissue homeostasis and cell function. The brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver are key tissues where alternative splicing plays a significant role in development and physiology. In the brain, splicing regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is crucial for neuronal differentiation and maintenance. In the heart, alternative splicing of genes like *TTN* (titanin) regulates mechanical properties and sarcomere length. Skeletal muscle differentiation is also influenced by alternative splicing, with specific RBPs coordinating splicing networks. Other tissues, such as the pancreas, liver, and germline, exhibit splicing responses that are critical for development and function. Additionally, the crosstalk between splicing, signaling, and T-cell activation is essential for immune responses. Overall, alternative splicing is a multifaceted regulatory mechanism that underpins the complexity and functionality of eukaryotic organisms.Alternative splicing is a critical mechanism that generates multiple transcript and protein isoforms from a single gene, contributing to the complexity of the proteome. This process is regulated by various factors, including splice site strength, cis-regulatory sequences, and trans-acting factors. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of coordinated splicing networks in tissue and organ development, as well as in maintaining tissue homeostasis and cell function. The brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver are key tissues where alternative splicing plays a significant role in development and physiology. In the brain, splicing regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is crucial for neuronal differentiation and maintenance. In the heart, alternative splicing of genes like *TTN* (titanin) regulates mechanical properties and sarcomere length. Skeletal muscle differentiation is also influenced by alternative splicing, with specific RBPs coordinating splicing networks. Other tissues, such as the pancreas, liver, and germline, exhibit splicing responses that are critical for development and function. Additionally, the crosstalk between splicing, signaling, and T-cell activation is essential for immune responses. Overall, alternative splicing is a multifaceted regulatory mechanism that underpins the complexity and functionality of eukaryotic organisms.
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Understanding Alternative splicing as a regulator of development and tissue identity