This study investigates the altitude-dependent variations in morphological, micro-morphological, and anatomical characteristics of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) leaves and wood. The research was conducted in the Abana district of Kastamonu province, Turkey, in mixed and closed stands of oak, beech, hornbeam, black pine, and yellow pine. Leaf parameters such as blade width, petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf length, distance between lateral veins, teeth width, teeth length, and angles between the leaf base and petiole, and the midrib and lateral veins were measured. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the stomata of the leaves from different altitudes. The study found that altitude did not affect leaf blade width, fiber length, fiber width, felting ratio, and lumen width. However, it significantly affected other studied characteristics, including leaf parameters and anatomical features such as fiber elevation, fiber wall thickness, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Muhleste rate, and Runkel ratio. The results suggest that altitude plays a crucial role in the adaptation and development of Anatolian chestnut, with specific environmental conditions influencing various aspects of its morphology and anatomy.This study investigates the altitude-dependent variations in morphological, micro-morphological, and anatomical characteristics of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) leaves and wood. The research was conducted in the Abana district of Kastamonu province, Turkey, in mixed and closed stands of oak, beech, hornbeam, black pine, and yellow pine. Leaf parameters such as blade width, petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf length, distance between lateral veins, teeth width, teeth length, and angles between the leaf base and petiole, and the midrib and lateral veins were measured. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the stomata of the leaves from different altitudes. The study found that altitude did not affect leaf blade width, fiber length, fiber width, felting ratio, and lumen width. However, it significantly affected other studied characteristics, including leaf parameters and anatomical features such as fiber elevation, fiber wall thickness, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Muhleste rate, and Runkel ratio. The results suggest that altitude plays a crucial role in the adaptation and development of Anatolian chestnut, with specific environmental conditions influencing various aspects of its morphology and anatomy.