The article discusses the role of the cholinergic system in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the potential of drugs targeting this system to treat AD. Acetylcholine (ACh) is a crucial neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems, synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and transported into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT). ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, where it binds to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, leading to various physiological responses. In AD, the loss of cholinergic neurons, particularly in the basal forebrain, contributes to cognitive decline. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, are currently used to treat AD, but they only provide symptomatic relief and do not alter disease progression. New therapeutic approaches, including M1 muscarinic receptor agonists, M2 receptor antagonists, and choline transporter modulators, are being explored to potentially rescue cholinergic neurons and modify AD progression. The article highlights the importance of the cholinergic system in memory and attention and the potential of targeted therapies to address AD-related cognitive deficits.The article discusses the role of the cholinergic system in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the potential of drugs targeting this system to treat AD. Acetylcholine (ACh) is a crucial neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems, synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and transported into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT). ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, where it binds to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, leading to various physiological responses. In AD, the loss of cholinergic neurons, particularly in the basal forebrain, contributes to cognitive decline. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, are currently used to treat AD, but they only provide symptomatic relief and do not alter disease progression. New therapeutic approaches, including M1 muscarinic receptor agonists, M2 receptor antagonists, and choline transporter modulators, are being explored to potentially rescue cholinergic neurons and modify AD progression. The article highlights the importance of the cholinergic system in memory and attention and the potential of targeted therapies to address AD-related cognitive deficits.