The article "Ambient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: From Theoretical Guidance to Catalyst Design" by Jianjia Mu et al. reviews the advancements in electrochemical ammonia synthesis, a sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. The review highlights the evolution of fundamental principles, theoretical descriptors, and reaction mechanisms in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR). It discusses the challenges in developing efficient electrocatalysts with high selectivity and stability, focusing on theories such as Gibbs free energy, Sabatier principle, d-band center theory, and orbital spin states. The article also presents a comprehensive overview of current electrocatalysts and their performance, emphasizing the need for more sustainable methods of ammonia production. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, including the integration of theoretical calculations with in situ characterization, multi-technique synergistic nitrogen fixation, suppressing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, and standardized performance evaluation to address the limitations in NRR selectivity and efficiency.The article "Ambient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: From Theoretical Guidance to Catalyst Design" by Jianjia Mu et al. reviews the advancements in electrochemical ammonia synthesis, a sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. The review highlights the evolution of fundamental principles, theoretical descriptors, and reaction mechanisms in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR). It discusses the challenges in developing efficient electrocatalysts with high selectivity and stability, focusing on theories such as Gibbs free energy, Sabatier principle, d-band center theory, and orbital spin states. The article also presents a comprehensive overview of current electrocatalysts and their performance, emphasizing the need for more sustainable methods of ammonia production. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, including the integration of theoretical calculations with in situ characterization, multi-technique synergistic nitrogen fixation, suppressing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, and standardized performance evaluation to address the limitations in NRR selectivity and efficiency.