An Analysis of Deep Neural Network Models for Practical Applications

An Analysis of Deep Neural Network Models for Practical Applications

30 May 2016 | Alfredo Canziani & Eugenio Culurciello, Adam Paszke
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of deep neural network (DNN) models for practical applications, focusing on key metrics such as accuracy, memory footprint, parameters, operations count, inference time, and power consumption. The study compares state-of-the-art DNN architectures submitted to the ImageNet challenge over the past four years. Key findings include: (1) fully connected layers are inefficient for smaller image batches; (2) accuracy and inference time have a hyperbolic relationship; (3) energy constraints set an upper bound on achievable accuracy and model complexity; (4) the number of operations is a reliable estimate of inference time. The analysis highlights that VGG is the most computationally expensive architecture, while ResNet and Inception-v3 perform better in terms of efficiency. The study also shows that inference time increases with batch size, and that power consumption is relatively consistent across different architectures when full resource utilization is achieved. The paper emphasizes the importance of considering these metrics in the design and optimization of DNNs for practical applications, especially in resource-constrained environments. It concludes that GoogLeNet is the most efficient architecture in terms of parameter utilization, achieving significantly better information density compared to other models. The study provides valuable insights for designing efficient DNNs that balance accuracy, computational efficiency, and power consumption.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of deep neural network (DNN) models for practical applications, focusing on key metrics such as accuracy, memory footprint, parameters, operations count, inference time, and power consumption. The study compares state-of-the-art DNN architectures submitted to the ImageNet challenge over the past four years. Key findings include: (1) fully connected layers are inefficient for smaller image batches; (2) accuracy and inference time have a hyperbolic relationship; (3) energy constraints set an upper bound on achievable accuracy and model complexity; (4) the number of operations is a reliable estimate of inference time. The analysis highlights that VGG is the most computationally expensive architecture, while ResNet and Inception-v3 perform better in terms of efficiency. The study also shows that inference time increases with batch size, and that power consumption is relatively consistent across different architectures when full resource utilization is achieved. The paper emphasizes the importance of considering these metrics in the design and optimization of DNNs for practical applications, especially in resource-constrained environments. It concludes that GoogLeNet is the most efficient architecture in terms of parameter utilization, achieving significantly better information density compared to other models. The study provides valuable insights for designing efficient DNNs that balance accuracy, computational efficiency, and power consumption.
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