An Introduction to Himawari-8/9 — Japan’s New-Generation Geostationary Meteorological Satellites

An Introduction to Himawari-8/9 — Japan’s New-Generation Geostationary Meteorological Satellites

2016 | Kotaro BESSHO, Kenji DATE, Masahiro HAYASHI, Akio IKEDA, Takahito IMAI, Hidekazu INOUE, Yukihiro KUMAGAI, Takuya MIYAKAWA, Hidehiko MURATA, Tomoo OHNO, Arata OKUYAMA, Ryo OYAMA, Yukio SASAKI, Yoshio SHIMAZU, Kazuki SHIMOJI, Yasuhiko SUMIDA
The paper provides an overview of the Himawari-8/9 satellites, which are the latest generation of Japanese geostationary meteorological satellites. These satellites feature advanced optical sensors with significantly higher radiometric, spectral, and spatial resolution compared to previous generations. They offer 16 observation bands, with spatial resolutions of 0.5 or 1 km for visible and near-infrared bands and 2 km for infrared bands. The satellites have shortened revisit times, providing new levels of capacity for identifying and tracking rapidly changing weather phenomena and deriving quantitative products. The paper details the ground segment for the satellites, including the Himawari Operation Enterprise (HOPE) company that operates the satellites and processes data. It also describes the Advanced Himawari Imagers (AHIs) on board, which have improved capabilities over their predecessors, such as the MTSAT series. The AHIs have 16 observation bands, allowing for detailed cloud and atmospheric monitoring. The paper outlines the distribution and dissemination of Himawari-8/9 imagery and data through various channels, including the HimawariCloud service and the HimawariCast service. It also discusses the development of various physical products, such as Clear Sky Radiance (CSR), Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV), volcanic ash, and Aeolian dust products, which are crucial for weather forecasting, aviation safety, and environmental monitoring. Additionally, the paper highlights the contributions of Himawari-8/9 to international climate research frameworks like the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). It concludes with future plans for further improvements and new product developments.The paper provides an overview of the Himawari-8/9 satellites, which are the latest generation of Japanese geostationary meteorological satellites. These satellites feature advanced optical sensors with significantly higher radiometric, spectral, and spatial resolution compared to previous generations. They offer 16 observation bands, with spatial resolutions of 0.5 or 1 km for visible and near-infrared bands and 2 km for infrared bands. The satellites have shortened revisit times, providing new levels of capacity for identifying and tracking rapidly changing weather phenomena and deriving quantitative products. The paper details the ground segment for the satellites, including the Himawari Operation Enterprise (HOPE) company that operates the satellites and processes data. It also describes the Advanced Himawari Imagers (AHIs) on board, which have improved capabilities over their predecessors, such as the MTSAT series. The AHIs have 16 observation bands, allowing for detailed cloud and atmospheric monitoring. The paper outlines the distribution and dissemination of Himawari-8/9 imagery and data through various channels, including the HimawariCloud service and the HimawariCast service. It also discusses the development of various physical products, such as Clear Sky Radiance (CSR), Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV), volcanic ash, and Aeolian dust products, which are crucial for weather forecasting, aviation safety, and environmental monitoring. Additionally, the paper highlights the contributions of Himawari-8/9 to international climate research frameworks like the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). It concludes with future plans for further improvements and new product developments.
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