This review provides an overview of biopolymers used in drug delivery systems (DDSs), highlighting their advantages over conventional polymers. Biopolymers, derived from natural sources such as biomass, microorganisms, biotechnology, and petrochemical products, offer benefits such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, and affordability. The article discusses the preparation methods for obtaining biomaterials used in DDSs, including supercritical fluid extraction, electrospraying, desolvation, spray freeze-drying, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and microemulsion. It also covers the mechanisms involved in drug delivery, such as dissolution, diffusion, and swelling, and their impact on drug release profiles. The review focuses on the most commonly used biopolymers, including chitosan, alginate, starch, cellulose, albumin, silk fibroin, collagen, and gelatin, detailing their properties, applications, and potential in DDSs. The article emphasizes the importance of these biopolymers in improving the functionality and effectiveness of drug delivery systems, particularly in controlled release and targeted therapy.This review provides an overview of biopolymers used in drug delivery systems (DDSs), highlighting their advantages over conventional polymers. Biopolymers, derived from natural sources such as biomass, microorganisms, biotechnology, and petrochemical products, offer benefits such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, and affordability. The article discusses the preparation methods for obtaining biomaterials used in DDSs, including supercritical fluid extraction, electrospraying, desolvation, spray freeze-drying, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and microemulsion. It also covers the mechanisms involved in drug delivery, such as dissolution, diffusion, and swelling, and their impact on drug release profiles. The review focuses on the most commonly used biopolymers, including chitosan, alginate, starch, cellulose, albumin, silk fibroin, collagen, and gelatin, detailing their properties, applications, and potential in DDSs. The article emphasizes the importance of these biopolymers in improving the functionality and effectiveness of drug delivery systems, particularly in controlled release and targeted therapy.