This review discusses the use of biopolymers in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for biomedical applications. Biopolymers, such as chitosan, alginate, starch, cellulose, albumin, silk fibroin, collagen, and gelatin, are favored for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, affordability, and environmental friendliness. These properties make them suitable for developing DDSs with tailored functional properties, such as controlled release and targeted delivery. The review highlights the preparation methods, mechanisms of action, and potential applications of various biopolymers in DDSs. It also discusses the advantages and challenges of using biopolymers, including their ability to interact with biological molecules and their potential for creating nanocarriers. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the physicochemical properties of biopolymers and their interactions with drugs to optimize drug delivery systems. The study also explores the use of nanotechnology in improving the efficiency and safety of DDSs, as well as the potential of biopolymers in targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on biopolymers in drug delivery applications.This review discusses the use of biopolymers in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for biomedical applications. Biopolymers, such as chitosan, alginate, starch, cellulose, albumin, silk fibroin, collagen, and gelatin, are favored for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, affordability, and environmental friendliness. These properties make them suitable for developing DDSs with tailored functional properties, such as controlled release and targeted delivery. The review highlights the preparation methods, mechanisms of action, and potential applications of various biopolymers in DDSs. It also discusses the advantages and challenges of using biopolymers, including their ability to interact with biological molecules and their potential for creating nanocarriers. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the physicochemical properties of biopolymers and their interactions with drugs to optimize drug delivery systems. The study also explores the use of nanotechnology in improving the efficiency and safety of DDSs, as well as the potential of biopolymers in targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on biopolymers in drug delivery applications.