This paper provides a comprehensive review of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. PLGA is highlighted for its biocompatibility, tunable degradation rate, FDA approval, and potential to modify surface properties. The review covers the synthesis and physicochemical properties of PLGA, emphasizing its degradation mechanisms and the influence of molecular weight, ratio of lactide to glycolide, and stereochemistry on degradation rates. Various applications of PLGA in bone tissue engineering are discussed, including porous scaffolds, fibrous scaffolds, hydrogels, and injectable microspheres. Composite constructs with hydroxyapatite (HA) are particularly noted for their enhanced osteoconductivity and mechanical properties. Surface modification techniques, such as oxygen plasma treatment and polydopamine coating, are explored to improve cell affinity and generate biomimetic interfaces. The review concludes by discussing future prospects, including the integration of HA addition and surface functionalization to create osteoconductive and osteoinductive gradients for improved bone regeneration.This paper provides a comprehensive review of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. PLGA is highlighted for its biocompatibility, tunable degradation rate, FDA approval, and potential to modify surface properties. The review covers the synthesis and physicochemical properties of PLGA, emphasizing its degradation mechanisms and the influence of molecular weight, ratio of lactide to glycolide, and stereochemistry on degradation rates. Various applications of PLGA in bone tissue engineering are discussed, including porous scaffolds, fibrous scaffolds, hydrogels, and injectable microspheres. Composite constructs with hydroxyapatite (HA) are particularly noted for their enhanced osteoconductivity and mechanical properties. Surface modification techniques, such as oxygen plasma treatment and polydopamine coating, are explored to improve cell affinity and generate biomimetic interfaces. The review concludes by discussing future prospects, including the integration of HA addition and surface functionalization to create osteoconductive and osteoinductive gradients for improved bone regeneration.