Polymeric hydrogels are promising materials for sustainable agriculture due to their ability to retain water and release nutrients, addressing challenges like soil degradation and water scarcity. This review summarizes their applications, classification, preparation methods, and impacts on agriculture. Hydrogels are classified into natural, synthetic, and hybrid types, with synthetic hydrogels being more versatile. Preparation involves techniques like polymerization, cross-linking, and grafting, with chemical cross-linking providing durability. Hydrogels improve water retention, reduce irrigation needs, and enhance nutrient delivery, benefiting plant growth and soil health. They are used in irrigation, fertilizer application, and soil improvement, with studies showing increased crop yields and water efficiency. However, challenges remain, including cost, environmental impact, and long-term soil effects. Future research focuses on biodegradable hydrogels and sustainable production methods to enhance their role in agriculture. Overall, hydrogels offer a sustainable solution for improving agricultural productivity while addressing environmental concerns.Polymeric hydrogels are promising materials for sustainable agriculture due to their ability to retain water and release nutrients, addressing challenges like soil degradation and water scarcity. This review summarizes their applications, classification, preparation methods, and impacts on agriculture. Hydrogels are classified into natural, synthetic, and hybrid types, with synthetic hydrogels being more versatile. Preparation involves techniques like polymerization, cross-linking, and grafting, with chemical cross-linking providing durability. Hydrogels improve water retention, reduce irrigation needs, and enhance nutrient delivery, benefiting plant growth and soil health. They are used in irrigation, fertilizer application, and soil improvement, with studies showing increased crop yields and water efficiency. However, challenges remain, including cost, environmental impact, and long-term soil effects. Future research focuses on biodegradable hydrogels and sustainable production methods to enhance their role in agriculture. Overall, hydrogels offer a sustainable solution for improving agricultural productivity while addressing environmental concerns.