The article provides an overview of copper oxide (CuO) nanofillers integrated into food packaging systems. CuO nanoparticles (NPs) have gained attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and semiconductor characteristics, making them suitable for various applications, including food packaging. The synthesis, characterization, surface modification, antibacterial properties, and food packaging applications of CuO nanofillers are discussed. CuO NPs can be synthesized using various methods, such as hydrothermal, microwave, and chemical reduction, with the hydrothermal method being a preferred technique due to its simplicity and high yield. Surface modification of CuO NPs with natural or synthetic moieties enhances their antibacterial efficacy against foodborne pathogens. CuO nanofillers are incorporated into polymer matrices to improve mechanical properties and antimicrobial protection. The antibacterial mechanisms of CuO NPs involve disrupting bacterial cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altering membrane permeability. However, the toxicological risks associated with CuO NPs, including migration into food products and environmental toxicity, must be carefully assessed. The article also highlights the importance of biocompatibility tests and regulatory measures to ensure the safe use of CuO nanofillers in food packaging. Future research should focus on eco-friendly synthesis strategies, scale-up processes, and comprehensive toxicological assessments to translate CuO nanofillers into practical applications in the food packaging industry.The article provides an overview of copper oxide (CuO) nanofillers integrated into food packaging systems. CuO nanoparticles (NPs) have gained attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and semiconductor characteristics, making them suitable for various applications, including food packaging. The synthesis, characterization, surface modification, antibacterial properties, and food packaging applications of CuO nanofillers are discussed. CuO NPs can be synthesized using various methods, such as hydrothermal, microwave, and chemical reduction, with the hydrothermal method being a preferred technique due to its simplicity and high yield. Surface modification of CuO NPs with natural or synthetic moieties enhances their antibacterial efficacy against foodborne pathogens. CuO nanofillers are incorporated into polymer matrices to improve mechanical properties and antimicrobial protection. The antibacterial mechanisms of CuO NPs involve disrupting bacterial cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altering membrane permeability. However, the toxicological risks associated with CuO NPs, including migration into food products and environmental toxicity, must be carefully assessed. The article also highlights the importance of biocompatibility tests and regulatory measures to ensure the safe use of CuO nanofillers in food packaging. Future research should focus on eco-friendly synthesis strategies, scale-up processes, and comprehensive toxicological assessments to translate CuO nanofillers into practical applications in the food packaging industry.