The Schwartz theory of basic human values identifies ten universal values that are recognized across cultures: self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, and universalism. These values are organized in a circular structure that reflects the conflicts and compatibility among them, and this structure is culturally universal. The theory posits that values are motivational concepts that guide behavior and are structured in a way that reflects the balance between individual and collective needs. Values are not just about specific actions but are broader goals that influence how people think and act. The theory explains that values are dynamic and can conflict or be compatible, and that individuals and groups differ in the relative importance they assign to these values. The theory also distinguishes values from other concepts like attitudes, beliefs, norms, and traits. The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) are two methods used to measure these values. Research across 82 countries has shown that while individuals vary in their value priorities, there is a consistent hierarchical order of values across cultures. This hierarchy suggests that certain values, such as benevolence, universalism, and self-direction, are generally more important than others, such as power and stimulation. The theory also explains how values relate to other concepts and how they influence behavior and attitudes. The circular structure of values reflects the dynamic relationships between them and is a key aspect of the theory. The theory has been supported by extensive research and is considered a foundational framework for understanding human values across cultures.The Schwartz theory of basic human values identifies ten universal values that are recognized across cultures: self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, and universalism. These values are organized in a circular structure that reflects the conflicts and compatibility among them, and this structure is culturally universal. The theory posits that values are motivational concepts that guide behavior and are structured in a way that reflects the balance between individual and collective needs. Values are not just about specific actions but are broader goals that influence how people think and act. The theory explains that values are dynamic and can conflict or be compatible, and that individuals and groups differ in the relative importance they assign to these values. The theory also distinguishes values from other concepts like attitudes, beliefs, norms, and traits. The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) are two methods used to measure these values. Research across 82 countries has shown that while individuals vary in their value priorities, there is a consistent hierarchical order of values across cultures. This hierarchy suggests that certain values, such as benevolence, universalism, and self-direction, are generally more important than others, such as power and stimulation. The theory also explains how values relate to other concepts and how they influence behavior and attitudes. The circular structure of values reflects the dynamic relationships between them and is a key aspect of the theory. The theory has been supported by extensive research and is considered a foundational framework for understanding human values across cultures.