The review "An Underground Revolution: Biodiversity and Soil Ecological Engineering for Agricultural Sustainability" by S. Franz Bender, Cameron Wagg, and Marcel G.A. van der Heijden highlights the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning and their potential to enhance agricultural sustainability. The authors argue that soil biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, demonstrating ecosystem multifunctionality. They apply the concept of ecological intensification to soils, advocating for targeted exploitation of soil biological traits to improve agricultural sustainability. The review compiles promising approaches to enhance soil biodiversity and manage soil community composition, emphasizing the role of soil ecological engineering in generating land-use systems that serve human needs while minimizing environmental impacts. The authors discuss the negative effects of intensive land use on soil biodiversity and the resulting environmental problems, such as eutrophication and global warming. They propose that ecological intensification can integrate ecological processes into land-management strategies to enhance ecosystem service delivery and reduce anthropogenic inputs. The review also explores the relationship between soil biodiversity and community composition, highlighting how changes in community composition can affect ecosystem functions. It suggests that while soil biodiversity is crucial, specific manipulations of soil community composition can further optimize ecosystem services. The authors propose a targeted soil biological engineering approach to improve ecosystem functioning and services, combining management practices that enhance overall biological diversity with targeted manipulations of soil biota. They emphasize the need for further research on soil management practices that conserve soil biological potential, develop diverse and efficient crop mixtures, and integrate plant breeding and rhizosphere microbiome engineering. The review concludes by discussing the challenges and future perspectives of integrating soil ecological engineering into farm management and agricultural policy.The review "An Underground Revolution: Biodiversity and Soil Ecological Engineering for Agricultural Sustainability" by S. Franz Bender, Cameron Wagg, and Marcel G.A. van der Heijden highlights the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning and their potential to enhance agricultural sustainability. The authors argue that soil biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, demonstrating ecosystem multifunctionality. They apply the concept of ecological intensification to soils, advocating for targeted exploitation of soil biological traits to improve agricultural sustainability. The review compiles promising approaches to enhance soil biodiversity and manage soil community composition, emphasizing the role of soil ecological engineering in generating land-use systems that serve human needs while minimizing environmental impacts. The authors discuss the negative effects of intensive land use on soil biodiversity and the resulting environmental problems, such as eutrophication and global warming. They propose that ecological intensification can integrate ecological processes into land-management strategies to enhance ecosystem service delivery and reduce anthropogenic inputs. The review also explores the relationship between soil biodiversity and community composition, highlighting how changes in community composition can affect ecosystem functions. It suggests that while soil biodiversity is crucial, specific manipulations of soil community composition can further optimize ecosystem services. The authors propose a targeted soil biological engineering approach to improve ecosystem functioning and services, combining management practices that enhance overall biological diversity with targeted manipulations of soil biota. They emphasize the need for further research on soil management practices that conserve soil biological potential, develop diverse and efficient crop mixtures, and integrate plant breeding and rhizosphere microbiome engineering. The review concludes by discussing the challenges and future perspectives of integrating soil ecological engineering into farm management and agricultural policy.