The study by Becker and Jürgens investigates the characteristics of saccadic reactions to double steps of a target, analyzing how these reactions are influenced by the time interval between the second target step and the onset of the response. The research suggests that goal-directed saccades are prepared in two steps: first, a decision on the direction is made, which takes a randomly varying time, and second, the amplitude of the saccade is calculated as a time average of the fixation error. The study also demonstrates that the preparatory processes for two different saccades can overlap in time ("parallel programming"), and that the saccadic system continuously processes visual information despite reacting discontinuously. The authors propose a conceptual model based on an internal predictive feedback pathway and a non-linear decision mechanism to account for the observed behavior. The model includes a decision element that processes the fixation error to determine the direction of the saccade, followed by an averaging mechanism that calculates the amplitude of the saccade. The model explains the observed variations in reaction times and amplitudes, as well as the parallel processing of different saccades. The results show that the characteristics of double-step responses depend on the time lapse between the second target step and the onset of the response, confirming the hypothesis of parallel programming. The model's predictions are consistent with the experimental data, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of the saccadic system.The study by Becker and Jürgens investigates the characteristics of saccadic reactions to double steps of a target, analyzing how these reactions are influenced by the time interval between the second target step and the onset of the response. The research suggests that goal-directed saccades are prepared in two steps: first, a decision on the direction is made, which takes a randomly varying time, and second, the amplitude of the saccade is calculated as a time average of the fixation error. The study also demonstrates that the preparatory processes for two different saccades can overlap in time ("parallel programming"), and that the saccadic system continuously processes visual information despite reacting discontinuously. The authors propose a conceptual model based on an internal predictive feedback pathway and a non-linear decision mechanism to account for the observed behavior. The model includes a decision element that processes the fixation error to determine the direction of the saccade, followed by an averaging mechanism that calculates the amplitude of the saccade. The model explains the observed variations in reaction times and amplitudes, as well as the parallel processing of different saccades. The results show that the characteristics of double-step responses depend on the time lapse between the second target step and the onset of the response, confirming the hypothesis of parallel programming. The model's predictions are consistent with the experimental data, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of the saccadic system.