June 11, 2024 | A. A. Araújo Filho, J. R. Nascimento, A. Yu. Petrov, and P. J. Porfírio
This paper presents an exact stationary axisymmetric vacuum solution within a metric-affine bumblebee gravity framework. The model incorporates spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) through Lorentz-violating (LV) coefficients, including u and s^{μν}. The solution incorporates LSB effects via the dimensionless parameter X = ξb², where ξ is a nonminimal coupling constant and b² is the vacuum expectation value of the bumblebee field. As X approaches zero, the solution recovers the Kerr metric, a well-known solution in general relativity. The paper calculates geodesics, radial acceleration, and thermodynamic quantities for this new metric. It also estimates an upper bound for X using astrophysical data from the advance of Mercury's perihelion.
The model is derived within the metric-affine (Palatini) formalism, where the metric and connection are independent dynamical variables. The action includes terms for the Ricci scalar, Ricci tensor, Riemann tensor, and a potential term for the bumblebee field. The field equations are derived by varying the action with respect to the connection and metric. The bumblebee field equation is obtained by varying the action with respect to the bumblebee field, leading to a Proca-like equation with an effective mass-squared tensor.
The paper discusses the thermodynamic properties of the solution, including the Hawking temperature, entropy, and heat capacity. The entropy is calculated using the event horizon area, and the heat capacity is analyzed to determine stability and phase transitions. The results show that the inclusion of LV effects may lead to phase transitions and modify the thermodynamic properties of the black hole.
The paper also investigates the geodesics of particles in the spacetime described by the solution. The radial acceleration is calculated for null geodesics, and the effects of LSB on the orbits are analyzed. The paper compares the results with the Kerr solution and shows that LSB can lead to different behaviors in the geodesic paths.
Finally, the paper examines the impact of LSB on the precession of Mercury's perihelion. The radial coordinate is expressed in terms of angular variables, and the differential equation governing the motion is derived. The slow rotation approximation is used to analyze the effects of LSB on the innermost stable orbit (ISCO) and the precession of Mercury's perihelion. The results show that LSB can lead to modifications in the orbital parameters and the precession rate of Mercury's perihelion.This paper presents an exact stationary axisymmetric vacuum solution within a metric-affine bumblebee gravity framework. The model incorporates spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) through Lorentz-violating (LV) coefficients, including u and s^{μν}. The solution incorporates LSB effects via the dimensionless parameter X = ξb², where ξ is a nonminimal coupling constant and b² is the vacuum expectation value of the bumblebee field. As X approaches zero, the solution recovers the Kerr metric, a well-known solution in general relativity. The paper calculates geodesics, radial acceleration, and thermodynamic quantities for this new metric. It also estimates an upper bound for X using astrophysical data from the advance of Mercury's perihelion.
The model is derived within the metric-affine (Palatini) formalism, where the metric and connection are independent dynamical variables. The action includes terms for the Ricci scalar, Ricci tensor, Riemann tensor, and a potential term for the bumblebee field. The field equations are derived by varying the action with respect to the connection and metric. The bumblebee field equation is obtained by varying the action with respect to the bumblebee field, leading to a Proca-like equation with an effective mass-squared tensor.
The paper discusses the thermodynamic properties of the solution, including the Hawking temperature, entropy, and heat capacity. The entropy is calculated using the event horizon area, and the heat capacity is analyzed to determine stability and phase transitions. The results show that the inclusion of LV effects may lead to phase transitions and modify the thermodynamic properties of the black hole.
The paper also investigates the geodesics of particles in the spacetime described by the solution. The radial acceleration is calculated for null geodesics, and the effects of LSB on the orbits are analyzed. The paper compares the results with the Kerr solution and shows that LSB can lead to different behaviors in the geodesic paths.
Finally, the paper examines the impact of LSB on the precession of Mercury's perihelion. The radial coordinate is expressed in terms of angular variables, and the differential equation governing the motion is derived. The slow rotation approximation is used to analyze the effects of LSB on the innermost stable orbit (ISCO) and the precession of Mercury's perihelion. The results show that LSB can lead to modifications in the orbital parameters and the precession rate of Mercury's perihelion.