Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. It is more prevalent in Caucasians, women, and older individuals, and is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to aging populations and longer life spans. It is estimated that over 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over 50 years of age experiencing osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime. Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs, which can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent fractures, but many patients are not diagnosed in time due to the lack of early warning signs. Osteoporosis can be classified into primary (involutional) and secondary types. Primary osteoporosis includes type I (postmenopausal) and type II (senile), while secondary osteoporosis is caused by various diseases, medications, and lifestyle factors. Diagnosis is typically based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, with a T-score of ≤-2.5 indicating osteoporosis. Fracture risk assessment tools like FRAX help determine individual fracture risk. Prevention and management of osteoporosis involve lifestyle changes such as adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Pharmacologic treatments include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and teriparatide, which help reduce fracture risk. However, adherence to these treatments is often poor, affecting their effectiveness. Osteoporosis is a silent disease that can lead to significant health consequences, including fractures, disability, and increased mortality. Early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are crucial to reducing its impact. Effective management requires awareness among healthcare providers and the general public, as well as appropriate screening and treatment strategies.Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. It is more prevalent in Caucasians, women, and older individuals, and is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to aging populations and longer life spans. It is estimated that over 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over 50 years of age experiencing osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime. Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs, which can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent fractures, but many patients are not diagnosed in time due to the lack of early warning signs. Osteoporosis can be classified into primary (involutional) and secondary types. Primary osteoporosis includes type I (postmenopausal) and type II (senile), while secondary osteoporosis is caused by various diseases, medications, and lifestyle factors. Diagnosis is typically based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, with a T-score of ≤-2.5 indicating osteoporosis. Fracture risk assessment tools like FRAX help determine individual fracture risk. Prevention and management of osteoporosis involve lifestyle changes such as adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Pharmacologic treatments include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and teriparatide, which help reduce fracture risk. However, adherence to these treatments is often poor, affecting their effectiveness. Osteoporosis is a silent disease that can lead to significant health consequences, including fractures, disability, and increased mortality. Early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are crucial to reducing its impact. Effective management requires awareness among healthcare providers and the general public, as well as appropriate screening and treatment strategies.