Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by increased bone fragility, is more prevalent in Caucasians, older individuals, and women. With an aging population, osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Fractures, which are the primary clinical manifestation of osteoporosis, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in men. The disease also results in decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Early diagnosis and treatment, including assessing bone mineral density (BMD), are crucial for preventing osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis, often associated with menopause and aging, and secondary osteoporosis, caused by various factors such as medications and lifestyle changes, are the two main types. Clinical evaluation involves a detailed history, physical examination, and BMD assessment. Treatment options include antiresorptive agents, anabolic agents, and combination therapies, with a focus on preventing fractures and improving bone strength. Preventive measures include adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercises, and fall prevention strategies.Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by increased bone fragility, is more prevalent in Caucasians, older individuals, and women. With an aging population, osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Fractures, which are the primary clinical manifestation of osteoporosis, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in men. The disease also results in decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Early diagnosis and treatment, including assessing bone mineral density (BMD), are crucial for preventing osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis, often associated with menopause and aging, and secondary osteoporosis, caused by various factors such as medications and lifestyle changes, are the two main types. Clinical evaluation involves a detailed history, physical examination, and BMD assessment. Treatment options include antiresorptive agents, anabolic agents, and combination therapies, with a focus on preventing fractures and improving bone strength. Preventive measures include adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercises, and fall prevention strategies.