This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements and progress in additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs). It covers various aspects, including available AM technologies, types of reinforcements, feedstock preparation, synthesis principles during the AM process, typical AM-produced MMCs, strengthening mechanisms, challenges, and future prospects. Compared to conventionally manufactured MMCs, AM-produced MMCs exhibit more uniform reinforcement distribution and refined microstructures, resulting in comparable or even better mechanical properties. AM technology can produce bulk MMCs with low porosity and fabricate geometrically complex components and lattice structures. The article discusses the influence of reinforcement types and contents on the properties of AM-produced MMCs, the choice of AM technology, and processing parameters. Four primary strengthening mechanisms—Hall–Petch strengthening, dislocation strengthening, load transfer strengthening, and Orowan strengthening—are identified. Despite the advantages, challenges such as the need for precise control of processing parameters and the potential for in-situ reactions during the AM process are also highlighted. The review concludes by discussing the opportunities, challenges, and prospects of AM-produced MMCs, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate metal matrix and additives for successful MMC design and fabrication.This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements and progress in additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs). It covers various aspects, including available AM technologies, types of reinforcements, feedstock preparation, synthesis principles during the AM process, typical AM-produced MMCs, strengthening mechanisms, challenges, and future prospects. Compared to conventionally manufactured MMCs, AM-produced MMCs exhibit more uniform reinforcement distribution and refined microstructures, resulting in comparable or even better mechanical properties. AM technology can produce bulk MMCs with low porosity and fabricate geometrically complex components and lattice structures. The article discusses the influence of reinforcement types and contents on the properties of AM-produced MMCs, the choice of AM technology, and processing parameters. Four primary strengthening mechanisms—Hall–Petch strengthening, dislocation strengthening, load transfer strengthening, and Orowan strengthening—are identified. Despite the advantages, challenges such as the need for precise control of processing parameters and the potential for in-situ reactions during the AM process are also highlighted. The review concludes by discussing the opportunities, challenges, and prospects of AM-produced MMCs, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate metal matrix and additives for successful MMC design and fabrication.