The study aims to identify the factors causing low literacy levels among second-grade students at SDN 162/II Dusun Baru Sipin. The research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, using data from five second-grade students identified as having low literacy levels, the homeroom teacher, and the school principal. Data was collected through observation and interviews and analyzed using an interactive approach. The findings indicate that the low literacy skills of these students are influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include low student motivation, low intelligence abilities, and low interest in learning. External factors include inadequate facilities and infrastructure, environmental factors, and teacher competency. The study emphasizes the importance of literacy skills in modern education and highlights the need for effective strategies to improve literacy levels, particularly in primary schools. Recommendations include implementing regular and sustainable literacy activities in the classroom, ensuring adequate learning resources, collaborating with parents to encourage reading at home, and providing digital literacy training for teachers to enhance their teaching methods and materials. The study concludes that low literacy levels among second-grade students at SDN 162/II Dusun Baru Sipin are primarily due to internal factors such as low motivation, intelligence, and interest, and external factors such as inadequate facilities, environmental conditions, and teacher competency. To address these issues, the study suggests that teachers should adopt creative and innovative teaching methods, schools should provide necessary learning resources, and teachers should continuously upgrade their skills through training and professional development.The study aims to identify the factors causing low literacy levels among second-grade students at SDN 162/II Dusun Baru Sipin. The research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, using data from five second-grade students identified as having low literacy levels, the homeroom teacher, and the school principal. Data was collected through observation and interviews and analyzed using an interactive approach. The findings indicate that the low literacy skills of these students are influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include low student motivation, low intelligence abilities, and low interest in learning. External factors include inadequate facilities and infrastructure, environmental factors, and teacher competency. The study emphasizes the importance of literacy skills in modern education and highlights the need for effective strategies to improve literacy levels, particularly in primary schools. Recommendations include implementing regular and sustainable literacy activities in the classroom, ensuring adequate learning resources, collaborating with parents to encourage reading at home, and providing digital literacy training for teachers to enhance their teaching methods and materials. The study concludes that low literacy levels among second-grade students at SDN 162/II Dusun Baru Sipin are primarily due to internal factors such as low motivation, intelligence, and interest, and external factors such as inadequate facilities, environmental conditions, and teacher competency. To address these issues, the study suggests that teachers should adopt creative and innovative teaching methods, schools should provide necessary learning resources, and teachers should continuously upgrade their skills through training and professional development.