The paper presents the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig, along with comparisons with wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. The study reveals a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago and identifies selective sweeps on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction show rapid evolution, with pigs having the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes. The pig genome sequence provides valuable resources for improving livestock species and extending the pig's potential as a biomedical model. The analysis also highlights independent domestication events and admixture in domestic breeds, and discusses the risks of xenotransplantation due to porcine endogenous retroviruses.The paper presents the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig, along with comparisons with wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. The study reveals a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago and identifies selective sweeps on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction show rapid evolution, with pigs having the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes. The pig genome sequence provides valuable resources for improving livestock species and extending the pig's potential as a biomedical model. The analysis also highlights independent domestication events and admixture in domestic breeds, and discusses the risks of xenotransplantation due to porcine endogenous retroviruses.