ANALYZING THE PAST TO PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE: WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW

ANALYZING THE PAST TO PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE: WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW

June 2002 | Jane Webster, Richard T. Watson
A literature review is essential for academic projects, providing a foundation for advancing knowledge, developing theories, and identifying research gaps. In the information systems (IS) field, there are few published review articles, which hinders progress. To address this, the MIS Quarterly launched MISQ Review to accelerate IS knowledge accumulation and advance theoretical development. The review aims to publish articles that conceptualize research areas, survey and synthesize prior research, and guide future research directions. The IS field has developed from classification systems to conceptual frameworks, similar to other management fields. However, unlike other fields with dedicated review journals, IS has few such articles, prompting the creation of MISQ Review. Writing a review is challenging due to the field's interdisciplinary nature and the complexity of assembling a review. Nevertheless, literature reviews are critical for strengthening IS as a discipline. This article provides guidelines for writing a review article, including identifying relevant literature, structuring the review conceptually, and justifying propositions through theoretical explanations, past empirical findings, and practical examples. It also discusses the importance of a coherent conceptual framework, the use of tables and figures to communicate findings, and the balance between present and past tense in writing. Review articles should identify knowledge gaps, motivate future research, and develop conceptual models. They should also address the four major concerns of reviewers: contribution, impact, logic, and thoroughness. The review process involves careful evaluation of the theory, with reviewers looking for good theories that are memorable, explainable, predictable, and useful. The authors emphasize the importance of a well-structured, concept-centric review that provides clear contributions and insights. They encourage authors to engage with colleagues for feedback before submission and to develop a plan for revisions. Ultimately, a high-quality review article should be explanatory, creative, and contribute to the advancement of the IS field.A literature review is essential for academic projects, providing a foundation for advancing knowledge, developing theories, and identifying research gaps. In the information systems (IS) field, there are few published review articles, which hinders progress. To address this, the MIS Quarterly launched MISQ Review to accelerate IS knowledge accumulation and advance theoretical development. The review aims to publish articles that conceptualize research areas, survey and synthesize prior research, and guide future research directions. The IS field has developed from classification systems to conceptual frameworks, similar to other management fields. However, unlike other fields with dedicated review journals, IS has few such articles, prompting the creation of MISQ Review. Writing a review is challenging due to the field's interdisciplinary nature and the complexity of assembling a review. Nevertheless, literature reviews are critical for strengthening IS as a discipline. This article provides guidelines for writing a review article, including identifying relevant literature, structuring the review conceptually, and justifying propositions through theoretical explanations, past empirical findings, and practical examples. It also discusses the importance of a coherent conceptual framework, the use of tables and figures to communicate findings, and the balance between present and past tense in writing. Review articles should identify knowledge gaps, motivate future research, and develop conceptual models. They should also address the four major concerns of reviewers: contribution, impact, logic, and thoroughness. The review process involves careful evaluation of the theory, with reviewers looking for good theories that are memorable, explainable, predictable, and useful. The authors emphasize the importance of a well-structured, concept-centric review that provides clear contributions and insights. They encourage authors to engage with colleagues for feedback before submission and to develop a plan for revisions. Ultimately, a high-quality review article should be explanatory, creative, and contribute to the advancement of the IS field.
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